Chapter 2: Basic Theory

Question 1

Ohm’s Law:

Answer 1

V = IR

Question 2

Resistors ____________ current flow.

Answer 2

Impeads

Question 3

Impedance of current flow by a resister creates a voltage _______ across the resister that is ________ to the amount of current flowing through it.

Answer 3

Impedance of current flow by a resister creates a voltage DROP across the resister that is PROPORTIONAL to the amount of current flowing through it.

Question 4

Whenever you see resistance in an equation you can simply replace it with ________ if you consider the _______ of the signal.

Answer 4

Whenever you see resistance in an equation you can simply replace it with IMPEDANCE if you consider the FREQUENCY of the signal.

Question 5

Every wire, trace, component or material in your circuit has these three components:

Answer 5

Resistance, Inductance & Capacitance

Question 6

Voltage divider rule:

Answer 6

Vo = Vi(Rg / (Rg + Ri))
Rg is the resistor connected to ground.
Ri is the resistor connected to Vi

Question 7

Draw the RC circuit response curve

Answer 7

0 τ = 0.00% of Voltage
1 τ = 63.2% of Voltage
2 τ = 86.6% of Voltage 
3 τ = 95% of Voltage 
4 τ = 98% of Voltage 
5 τ = ~100% of Voltage

Question 8

Draw the RL circuit response curve:

Answer 8

0 τ = 0.00% of current 
1 τ = 63.2% of current
2 τ = 86.6% of current 
3 τ = 95% of current 
4 τ = 98% of current 
5 τ = ~100% of current

Question 9

Rt for resistors in series:

Answer 9

Rt = R1+R2+….

Question 10

Lt for inductors in series =

Answer 10

Lt = L1+L2+…

Question 11

Ct for capacitors in parallel =

Answer 11

Ct = C1+C2+…

Question 12

Rt for resistors in parallel =

Answer 12

1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +…

Question 13

Lt for inductors in parallel =

Answer 13

Lt = 1/L1 + 1/L2 +…

Question 14

Ct for capacitors in series =

Answer 14

Ct = 1/C1 + 1/C2 +…

Question 15

Most important rules when Thevenizing a circuit:

Answer 15

Voltage sources are shorted.

Current sources are opened.

Question 16

A voltage sources is a device that…

Answer 16

… keeps voltage constant as load varies.

Question 17

A current source is a device that…

Answer 17

….keeps current constant as load varies.

Question 18

A capacitor _______ a change in _______, but ______ can change immediately.

Answer 18

A capacitor RESISTS a change in VOLTAGE, but CURRENT can change immediately.
(Inverse of an inductor)

Question 19

An inductor _______ a change in _______, but ______ can change immediately.

Answer 19

An inductor RESISTS a change in CURRENT, but VOLTAGE can change immediately.
(Inverse of a capacitor)

Question 20

A ______ is to voltage as a _____ is to current.

Answer 20

A CAPACITOR is to voltage as an INDUCTOR is to current.

Question 21

The capacitor ______ ______ frequencies while ______ ______ ones

Answer 21

The capacitor BLOCKS LOWER frequencies while PASSING HIGHER ones

Question 22

The inductor ______ ______ frequencies while ______ ______ ones

Answer 22

The inductor BLOCKS HIGHER frequencies while PASSING LOWER ones

Question 23

In a low-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, a capacitor starts out ______ and moves to ______

Answer 23

In a low-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, a capacitor starts out OPEN and moves to SHORT

Question 24

In a low-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, an inductor starts out ______ and moves to ______

Answer 24

In a low-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, an inductor starts out SHORT and moves to OPEN

Question 25

In a high-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, an inductor starts out ______ and moves to ______

Answer 25

In a high-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, an inductor starts out OPEN and moves to SHORT

Question 26

In a high-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, a capacitor starts out ______ and moves to ______

Answer 26

In a high-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, a capacitor starts out SHORT and moves to OPEN

Question 27

In a low-pass filter RC circuit,

Fc =

Answer 27

Fc = 1/(2πτ) = 1/(2πRC)

Question 28

With respect to fields:
Current is ______
Voltage is ______

Answer 28

Current is MAGNETIC.

Voltage is ELECTRIC.

Question 29

Charges are the ______ making the ______ field, and the ______ of those charges is called ______ and creates the ______ field.

Answer 29

Charges are the VOLTAGE making the ELECTRIC field, and the MOVEMENT of those charges is called CURRENT and creates the MAGNETIC field.

Question 30

An inductor is a way of concentrating a ______ field, and a capacitor is a way of concentrating a ______ field.

Answer 30

An inductor is a way of concentrating a MAGNETIC field, and a capacitor is a way of concentrating an ELECTRIC field.

Question 31

______ creates a magnetic field, & ______ creates an electric field.

Answer 31

CURRENT creates a magnetic field, & VOLTAGE creates an electric field.

Question 32

A ______ stores energy in a magnetic field.

A ______ stores energy in an electric field.

Answer 32

An INDUCTOR stores energy in a magnetic field.

A CAPACITOR stores energy in an electric field.

Question 33

RC circuit equation:

Answer 33

Vo = Vi [1 - e^(t/RC)]

Question 34

______ feedback tends to ______ ______ or go to an output rail.

Answer 34

POSITIVE feedback tends to LATCH UP or go to an output rail.

Question 35

Positive feedback delays can cause ______

Answer 35

OSCILLATIONS

Question 36

Negative feedback signals are ______ in nature.

Answer 36

CORRECTIVE

Question 37

Negative feedback creates a ______ output

Answer 37

CONTROLLED

Question 38

______ is the gain of the system from input to output when the feedback is disconnected.

Answer 38

Open-Loop Gain

Question 39

______ is the gain of the system from input to output when the feedback is in place.

Answer 39

Closed-Loop Gain