Chapter 2: Basic Theory Flashcards
Ohm’s Law:
V = IR
Resistors ____________ current flow.
Impeads
Impedance of current flow by a resister creates a voltage _______ across the resister that is ________ to the amount of current flowing through it.
Impedance of current flow by a resister creates a voltage DROP across the resister that is PROPORTIONAL to the amount of current flowing through it.
Whenever you see resistance in an equation you can simply replace it with ________ if you consider the _______ of the signal.
Whenever you see resistance in an equation you can simply replace it with IMPEDANCE if you consider the FREQUENCY of the signal.
Every wire, trace, component or material in your circuit has these three components:
Resistance, Inductance & Capacitance
Voltage divider rule:
Vo = Vi(Rg / (Rg + Ri))
Rg is the resistor connected to ground.
Ri is the resistor connected to Vi
Draw the RC circuit response curve
0 τ = 0.00% of Voltage 1 τ = 63.2% of Voltage 2 τ = 86.6% of Voltage 3 τ = 95% of Voltage 4 τ = 98% of Voltage 5 τ = ~100% of Voltage
Draw the RL circuit response curve:
0 τ = 0.00% of current 1 τ = 63.2% of current 2 τ = 86.6% of current 3 τ = 95% of current 4 τ = 98% of current 5 τ = ~100% of current
Rt for resistors in series:
Rt = R1+R2+….
Lt for inductors in series =
Lt = L1+L2+…
Ct for capacitors in parallel =
Ct = C1+C2+…
Rt for resistors in parallel =
1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +…
Lt for inductors in parallel =
Lt = 1/L1 + 1/L2 +…
Ct for capacitors in series =
Ct = 1/C1 + 1/C2 +…
Most important rules when Thevenizing a circuit:
Voltage sources are shorted.
Current sources are opened.
A voltage sources is a device that…
… keeps voltage constant as load varies.
A current source is a device that…
….keeps current constant as load varies.
A capacitor _______ a change in _______, but ______ can change immediately.
A capacitor RESISTS a change in VOLTAGE, but CURRENT can change immediately.
(Inverse of an inductor)
An inductor _______ a change in _______, but ______ can change immediately.
An inductor RESISTS a change in CURRENT, but VOLTAGE can change immediately.
(Inverse of a capacitor)
A ______ is to voltage as a _____ is to current.
A CAPACITOR is to voltage as an INDUCTOR is to current.
The capacitor ______ ______ frequencies while ______ ______ ones
The capacitor BLOCKS LOWER frequencies while PASSING HIGHER ones
The inductor ______ ______ frequencies while ______ ______ ones
The inductor BLOCKS HIGHER frequencies while PASSING LOWER ones
In a low-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, a capacitor starts out ______ and moves to ______
In a low-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, a capacitor starts out OPEN and moves to SHORT
In a low-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, an inductor starts out ______ and moves to ______
In a low-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, an inductor starts out SHORT and moves to OPEN
In a high-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, an inductor starts out ______ and moves to ______
In a high-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, an inductor starts out OPEN and moves to SHORT
In a high-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, a capacitor starts out ______ and moves to ______
In a high-pass filter circuit, as the frequencies shift from low to high, a capacitor starts out SHORT and moves to OPEN
In a low-pass filter RC circuit,
Fc =
Fc = 1/(2πτ) = 1/(2πRC)
With respect to fields:
Current is ______
Voltage is ______
Current is MAGNETIC.
Voltage is ELECTRIC.
Charges are the ______ making the ______ field, and the ______ of those charges is called ______ and creates the ______ field.
Charges are the VOLTAGE making the ELECTRIC field, and the MOVEMENT of those charges is called CURRENT and creates the MAGNETIC field.
An inductor is a way of concentrating a ______ field, and a capacitor is a way of concentrating a ______ field.
An inductor is a way of concentrating a MAGNETIC field, and a capacitor is a way of concentrating an ELECTRIC field.
______ creates a magnetic field, & ______ creates an electric field.
CURRENT creates a magnetic field, & VOLTAGE creates an electric field.
A ______ stores energy in a magnetic field.
A ______ stores energy in an electric field.
An INDUCTOR stores energy in a magnetic field.
A CAPACITOR stores energy in an electric field.
RC circuit equation:
Vo = Vi [1 - e^(t/RC)]
______ feedback tends to ______ ______ or go to an output rail.
POSITIVE feedback tends to LATCH UP or go to an output rail.
Positive feedback delays can cause ______
OSCILLATIONS
Negative feedback signals are ______ in nature.
CORRECTIVE
Negative feedback creates a ______ output
CONTROLLED
______ is the gain of the system from input to output when the feedback is disconnected.
Open-Loop Gain
______ is the gain of the system from input to output when the feedback is in place.
Closed-Loop Gain
