Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Energy

Answer 2

The ability to do work or to put matter into motion

Question 3

Kinetic energy

Answer 3

When energy is actually doing work or moving objects

Question 4

Potential energy

Answer 4

When energy is inactive or stored

Question 5

Chemical energy

Answer 5

Is stored in the bonds of chemical substances

Question 6

Electrical energy

Answer 6

Results from the movement of charged particles

Question 7

Mechanical energy

Answer 7

Energy directly involved in moving matter

Question 8

Radiant energy

Answer 8

Travels in waves, energy of the electromagnetic spectrum, includes X-rays, infrared radiation, visible light, radio, and ultraviolet waves

Question 9

Elements

Answer 9

Unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods

Question 10

Periodic table

Answer 10

An odd shaped checkerboard with a complete listing of the elements

Question 11

Atoms

Answer 11

Each element is composed if more or less Identical particles or building blocks

Question 12

Atomic symbol

Answer 12

A one or two letter chemical shorthand

Question 13

Protons

Answer 13

Have an atomic mass unit of 1

Have a positive charge

Question 14

Neutrons

Answer 14

Have an atomic mass unit of 1

Have a neutral charge

Question 15

Electrons

Answer 15

Have an atomic mass unit of 0

Have a negative charge

Question 16

planetary model

Answer 16

portrays the atom as a miniature solar system in which the protons and neutrons are clustered in the center of the atom in the atomic nucleus

Question 17

orbital model

Answer 17

the more modern model of atomic structure, proved be more useful in predicting the chemical behavior of atoms

Question 18

atomic number

Answer 18

each element has a number, it pertains to how many protons its atoms contain, also equal to the number of electrons the atoms has

Question 19

atomic mass

Answer 19

sum of the masses of all the protons and neutrons contained in its nucleus

Question 20

atomic weight

Answer 20

average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element

Question 21

isotopes

Answer 21

two or more structural variations that the atoms of almost all elements exhibit

Question 22

radioisotopes

Answer 22

the heavier isotopes of certain atoms are unstable and tend to decompose to become more stable

Question 23

radioactivity

Answer 23

the process of spontaneous atomic decay

Question 24

molecules

Answer 24

formed when two or more atoms combine chemically

Question 25

compound

Answer 25

when two or more different atoms bind together to form a molecule

Question 26

chemical reaction

Answer 26

occurs whenever atoms combine with or dissociate from other atoms

Question 27

electron shells, energy levels

Answer 27

orbits or generally fixed regions of space around the nucleus

Question 28

valence shell

Answer 28

the atoms outermost shell, its electrons determine the chemical behavior of the atom

Question 29

ionic bonds

Answer 29

form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

Question 30

ions

Answer 30

charged particles

Question 31

salts

Answer 31

sodium chloride and most other compounds formed by ionic bonding fall into this general category of chemicals

Question 32

covalent bonds

Answer 32

bond involving sharing of electrons between atoms