Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Energy
The ability to do work or to put matter into motion
Kinetic energy
When energy is actually doing work or moving objects
Potential energy
When energy is inactive or stored
Chemical energy
Is stored in the bonds of chemical substances
Electrical energy
Results from the movement of charged particles
Mechanical energy
Energy directly involved in moving matter
Radiant energy
Travels in waves, energy of the electromagnetic spectrum, includes X-rays, infrared radiation, visible light, radio, and ultraviolet waves
Elements
Unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods
Periodic table
An odd shaped checkerboard with a complete listing of the elements
Atoms
Each element is composed if more or less Identical particles or building blocks
Atomic symbol
A one or two letter chemical shorthand
Protons
Have an atomic mass unit of 1
Have a positive charge
Neutrons
Have an atomic mass unit of 1
Have a neutral charge
Electrons
Have an atomic mass unit of 0
Have a negative charge
planetary model
portrays the atom as a miniature solar system in which the protons and neutrons are clustered in the center of the atom in the atomic nucleus
orbital model
the more modern model of atomic structure, proved be more useful in predicting the chemical behavior of atoms
atomic number
each element has a number, it pertains to how many protons its atoms contain, also equal to the number of electrons the atoms has
atomic mass
sum of the masses of all the protons and neutrons contained in its nucleus
atomic weight
average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element
isotopes
two or more structural variations that the atoms of almost all elements exhibit
radioisotopes
the heavier isotopes of certain atoms are unstable and tend to decompose to become more stable
radioactivity
the process of spontaneous atomic decay
molecules
formed when two or more atoms combine chemically
