Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

Ability to do work

Question 2

Kinetic

Answer 2

Energy of motion

Question 3

Potential

Answer 3

Stored Energy Forms

Question 4

chemical

Answer 4

digesting

Question 5

Mechanical

Answer 5

Writing

Question 6

Radiant

Answer 6

Hearing Mrs. Hogan

Question 7

Electrical

Answer 7

Nerves / thinking

Question 8

Elements

Answer 8

Substances that cannot be broken down

Question 9

C,H,O,N Makes up about

Answer 9

Makes up about 90% body weight

Question 10

Atom

Answer 10

building block of an element

Question 11

Atomic number

Answer 11

of protons

Question 12

Atomic mass number

Answer 12

sum of protons and neutrons

Question 13

Isotopes

Answer 13

of neutrons in an atom is different

Question 14

Radioisotopes

Answer 14

have unstable nucleus and breakdown releasing radioactivity

Question 15

Compound

Answer 15

2 or more different atoms bind by sharing electrons

Question 16

Chemical reaction

Answer 16

breaking / forming bonds between atoms

Question 17

Ionic bonds

Answer 17

electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another forming ions

Question 18

Ion

Answer 18

atom that gains/loses electrons

Question 19

Negative ion

Answer 19

gain electrons

Question 20

Positive ion

Answer 20

loses electrons

Question 21

Covalent bonds

Answer 21

atoms share electrons

Question 22

Nonpolar

Answer 22

Share electrons

Question 23

Polar

Answer 23

do not share electrons equally

Question 24

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 24

common in water - causes cohesion

Question 25

Synthesis reactions

Answer 25

2 or more combine to form 1

Question 26

Decomposition reactions

Answer 26

1 breaks down into 2 or more

Question 27

Inorganic compounds

Answer 27

lack carbon

Question 28

water (fraction in the body)

Answer 28

2/3 of body weight

Question 29

High heat capacity

Answer 29

absorbs/ releases large amounts before temp changes

Question 30

Water is called the universal savant

Answer 30

many substances dissolve it

Question 31

Solution

Answer 31

when substance dissolve water - smaller particles

Question 32

Suspension

Answer 32

larger particles

Question 33

Chemical reactivity

Answer 33

hydrolysis reactions

Question 34

Cushioning

Answer 34

protective

Question 35

Electrolytes

Answer 35

dissociation (seperates into ions in water)

Question 36

Phosphate ions

Answer 36

ATP synthesis

Question 37

Sodium & potassium ion

Answer 37

nerve impulses

Question 38

Calcium & magnesium ions

Answer 38

found in bone tissue

Question 39

Acids and Bases

Answer 39

are electrolytes

Question 40

Acids

Answer 40

form H +

Question 41

Bases (alkaline)

Answer 41

form OH +

Question 42

pH units

Answer 42

measure hydrogen concentration

Question 43

7

Answer 43

neutral

Question 44

< 7

Answer 44

acidic

Question 45

> 7

Answer 45

basic

Question 46

Blood pH

Answer 46

7.35 - 7.45

Question 47

Buffers

Answer 47

maintain pH stability by causing a neutralization reaction

Question 48

Carbohydrates

Answer 48

Provide energy

Question 49

Monosaccharides

Answer 49

glucose, fructose, ribose

Question 50

Disaccharides

Answer 50

sucrose, lactose

Question 51

Polysaccharides

Answer 51

glycogen

Question 52

saturated fat

Answer 52

animal fat

Question 53

unsaturated fat

Answer 53

oils (plants)

Question 54

Triglycerides

Answer 54

neutral fats

Question 55

Phospholipids

Answer 55

type of lipid

Question 56

Steroids

Answer 56

type of lipid

Question 57

DNA

Answer 57

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 58

DNA (2)

Answer 58

double helix

Question 59

DNA sugar

Answer 59

deoxyribose

Question 60

RNA

Answer 60

ribonucleic acid

Question 61

RNA (1)

Answer 61

single stranded

Question 62

RNA does not have thymine

Answer 62

uracil

Question 63

ATP

Answer 63

Adenosine Triosphate

Question 64

The energy located in the bonds of food molecules

Answer 64

if a form of potential energy

Question 65

Whenever energy is transformed

Answer 65

some energy is lost as heat

Question 66

Lying under a sunlamp

Answer 66

Electrical

Question 67

Vision (two types -think!)

Answer 67

Radiant

Question 68

Bending your fingers

Answer 68

Mechanical

Question 69

Chewing food

Answer 69

Mechanical

Question 70

Breaking the bonds of ATP molecules to energize your muscle cells to make that fist

Answer 70

Chemical

Question 71

Organic compounds

Answer 71

1) DNA 2) Fats 3) Glucose 4) Oxygen 5) Proteins