Chapter 2 - Basic Anatomy

Question 1

Trunk

Answer 1

The torso of the body, including the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. The head and neck, arms, and legs are all attached to the trunk.

Question 2

Supine

Answer 2

The patient is lying down on his or her back.

Question 3

Prone

Answer 3

The patient is lying down on his or her stomach.

Question 4

Erect

Answer 4

The patient is standing upright.

Question 5

Anterior

Answer 5

In front. The front of the body is the anterior surface.

Question 6

Posterior

Answer 6

In back, or behind. The back of the body is the posterior surface.

Question 7

Midline

Answer 7

The imaginary line from the top of the head through the nose and the naval, dividing the body into left and right halves.

Question 8

Medial

Answer 8

Closer to the midline

Question 9

Lateral

Answer 9

The side of the body, away from the midline.

Question 10

Superior

Answer 10

Above, or closer to the top of the head.

Question 11

Inferior

Answer 11

Below, or closer to the bottom of the feet.

Question 12

Proximal

Answer 12

Toward the trunk. Used only with respect to a limb.

Question 13

Distal

Answer 13

Away from the trunk. Used only with respect to a limb.

Question 14

The basic unit of life is the _______

Answer 14

Cell

Question 15

Tissues

Answer 15

Groups of cells with similar functions.

Question 16

Organs

Answer 16

Composed of different tissues that are structurally organized to perform a single funciton.

Question 17

How many specific systems are there in the body, list them.

Answer 17

There are 7:
respiratory system
circulatory system
nervous system
digestive system
urinary system
genital system
musuloskeletal system

Question 18

Respiratory System (What it includes, what it does)

Answer 18

Includes the lungs and air passages.
Responsible for the intake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide.

Question 19

Circulatory System (Cardiovascular System)
(What it includes, what it does)

Answer 19

Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
The transportation system of the body. Delivers oxygen, glucose, other elements/nutrients to tissues and carries away waste products.

Question 20

Nervous System
(What it includes, what it does)

Answer 20

Includes the brain and nerves.
The control center and network that coordinates all the systems in the body.
Allows us to interpret and respond to our environment.

Question 21

Digestive System (What it includes)

Answer 21

Includes the stomach, intestines, and other internal organs required to process the food that we ingest.

Question 22

Urinary System (What it includes, what it does)

Answer 22

Includes the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Responsible for filtering the blood and excreting most of the body’s waste products.

Question 23

Genital System (What it includes)

Answer 23

The reproductive organs.

Question 24

Musculoskeletal System (What it includes, what it does)

Answer 24

Includes bones (they provide body’s framework) and muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

Question 25

The bones of the skill resemble a series of bony plates. They are fused together to form the ________ _________, which encases the brain.

Answer 25

cranial cavity

Question 26

The neck contains many vital structures, including…

Answer 26

airway, trachea, esophagus, and carotid arteries.

Question 27

The thorax (chest) contains…

Answer 27

heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels