Chapter 2 - Basic Anatomy Flashcards
Trunk
The torso of the body, including the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. The head and neck, arms, and legs are all attached to the trunk.
Supine
The patient is lying down on his or her back.
Prone
The patient is lying down on his or her stomach.
Erect
The patient is standing upright.
Anterior
In front. The front of the body is the anterior surface.
Posterior
In back, or behind. The back of the body is the posterior surface.
Midline
The imaginary line from the top of the head through the nose and the naval, dividing the body into left and right halves.
Medial
Closer to the midline
Lateral
The side of the body, away from the midline.
Superior
Above, or closer to the top of the head.
Inferior
Below, or closer to the bottom of the feet.
Proximal
Toward the trunk. Used only with respect to a limb.
Distal
Away from the trunk. Used only with respect to a limb.
The basic unit of life is the _______
Cell
Tissues
Groups of cells with similar functions.
Organs
Composed of different tissues that are structurally organized to perform a single funciton.
How many specific systems are there in the body, list them.
There are 7:
respiratory system
circulatory system
nervous system
digestive system
urinary system
genital system
musuloskeletal system
Respiratory System (What it includes, what it does)
Includes the lungs and air passages.
Responsible for the intake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide.
Circulatory System (Cardiovascular System)
(What it includes, what it does)
Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
The transportation system of the body. Delivers oxygen, glucose, other elements/nutrients to tissues and carries away waste products.
Nervous System
(What it includes, what it does)
Includes the brain and nerves.
The control center and network that coordinates all the systems in the body.
Allows us to interpret and respond to our environment.
Digestive System (What it includes)
Includes the stomach, intestines, and other internal organs required to process the food that we ingest.
Urinary System (What it includes, what it does)
Includes the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Responsible for filtering the blood and excreting most of the body’s waste products.
Genital System (What it includes)
The reproductive organs.
Musculoskeletal System (What it includes, what it does)
Includes bones (they provide body’s framework) and muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
The bones of the skill resemble a series of bony plates. They are fused together to form the ________ _________, which encases the brain.
cranial cavity
The neck contains many vital structures, including…
airway, trachea, esophagus, and carotid arteries.
The thorax (chest) contains…
heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels
