Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, & Ions

Question 1

atomic number (Z)

Answer 1

of protons in the nucleus

Question 2

when writing a nuclear symbol, what must always be written?

Answer 2

atomic #, mass #, and symbol

Question 3

group 1 name

Answer 3

alkali earth metals

Question 4

group 2 name

Answer 4

alkaline earth metals

Question 5

group name between 2 and 13

Answer 5

transition metals

Question 6

group 17 name

Answer 6

halogens

Question 7

group 18 name

Answer 7

noble gases

Question 8

what is group 18 also known as?

Answer 8

rare earth metals

Question 9

what are the noble gases known for being?

Answer 9

unreactive

Question 10

what metal isn’t solid at room temperature?

Answer 10

mercury (Hg)

Question 11

lustrous

Answer 11

shiny

Question 12

malleable

Answer 12

it can be pounded into sheets

Question 13

ductile

Answer 13

drawn into wires

Question 14

which nonmetal isn’t a solid/gas at room temperature?

Answer 14

bromine (Br)

Question 15

with the ball and stick chemical formula, how can you tell which element is written in the center?

Answer 15

typically the atom in the center is written first

Question 16

atomic weight (AW)

Answer 16

weighted average of all isotopes in an element

Question 17

fractional abundance (FA)

Answer 17

decimal form of the abundance percent

Question 18

what type of elements are associated with molecular compounds?

Answer 18

ONLY non-metals (doesn’t contain ions)

Question 19

what type of elements are associated with ionic compounds?

Answer 19

metals and non-metals; it’s always written in the empirical formula

Question 20

when do you not use a prefix on the first element of a molecular compound when naming?

Answer 20

when there’s only one first atom

Question 21

ammonia name and formula

Answer 21

nitrogen trihydride and NH₃

Question 22

cations

Answer 22

positive ions

Question 23

anions

Answer 23

negative ions

Question 24

what compounds contains ions?

Answer 24

ionic and acid (can be split)

Question 25

monatomic ions

Answer 25

1 element with a charge

Question 26

which ion comes first in a compound?

Answer 26

the cation

Question 27

what charge is given to group 1 elements?

Answer 27

1+

Question 28

what charge is given to group 2 elements?

Answer 28

2+

Question 29

what charge is given to group 15 elements?

Answer 29

3-

Question 30

what charge is given to group 16 elements?

Answer 30

2-

Question 31

what charge is given to group 17 elements?

Answer 31

1-

Question 32

what charge is given to group 18 elements

Answer 32

0

Question 33

aluminum's charge

Answer 33

3+

Question 34

zinc's charge

Answer 34

2+

Question 35

silver's charge

Answer 35

1+

Question 36

metals and nonmetals are typically positive or negative?

Answer 36

metals are typically positive & nonmetals are typically negative

Question 37

how do you name a monatomic cation with a fixed charge?

Answer 37

name goes unchanged and add "ion"

Question 38

how do you name a monatomic cation with multiple charges?

Answer 38

name goes unchanged but roman numerals are added

Question 39

where does a monatomic cation come from?

Answer 39

comes from metals

Question 40

where does a monatomic anion come from?

Answer 40

comes from nonmetals

Question 41

in a monatomic ion, is the cation the first compound in the equation or second?

Answer 41

first; the anion is second

Question 42

how do you name a monatomic anion?

Answer 42

element name is altered with the addition of "-ide" and add ion

Question 43

polyatomic ions

Answer 43

2 or more elements with a charge

Question 44

oxyanions

Answer 44

of oxygens

Question 45

if a polyatomic ion has 1 less oxygen, what does it end in?

Answer 45

-ite

Question 46

if a polyatomic ion has 2 less oxygen, what does it end in?

Answer 46

-ite but starts with hypo- prefix

Question 47

if a polyatomic ion has 1 more oxygen, what does it end in?

Answer 47

-ate but starts with per- prefix

Question 48

polyatomic ions with different # of oxygen atoms have the same or different charge?

Answer 48

same

Question 49

if a polyatomic ion gains a hydrogen, what do you do to the ion?

Answer 49

add H in the prefix

Question 50

polyatomic ions with same # of oxygen atoms have the same or different charge?

Answer 50

different, add +1 for each hydrogen added

Question 51

if the charges are unequal in an ionic formula, what do you do to the charges for it to be equal?

Answer 51

criss-cross the charges to become neutral

Question 52

what is needed for more than one polyatomic?

Answer 52

parenthesis

Question 53

acids are known as what type of compounds?

Answer 53

nonmetals

Question 54

what is a binary acid?

Answer 54

has 2 compounds

Question 55

what does a binary acid compound start and end with?

Answer 55

starts with "hydro-" and ends with "-ic acid"

Question 56

what is a polyatomic acid?

Answer 56

has 3 or more elements

Question 57

what does a polyatomic acid compound start and end with?

Answer 57

keeps the same prefix and ends with either "-ic acid" or "-ous acid"

Question 58

if the polyatomic acid ends in -ate, what does it turn into?

Answer 58

"-ic acid"

Question 59

if the polyatomic acid ends in -ite, what does it turn into?

Answer 59

"-ous acid"

Question 60

when do you not add "hydro-" as a prefix?

Answer 60

when it's a polyatomic acid

Question 61

law of definite (constant) composition

Answer 61

the relative # and kind of atoms are constant

Question 62

mass percent

Answer 62

mass 1 element contributes in relation to the total compound mass

Question 63

law of mass conservation

Answer 63

the total starting masses must equal the total ending masses

Question 64

law of multiple proportions

Answer 64

the ratio of the mass ratios of 2 different compounds can be expressed as a whole number

Question 65

when using mass ratio, do you put the bigger or smaller mass in the denominator

Answer 65

smaller