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Chem 101 > Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, & Ions > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, & Ions Flashcards

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1
Q

atomic number (Z)

A

of protons in the nucleus

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2
Q

when writing a nuclear symbol, what must always be written?

A

atomic #, mass #, and symbol

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3
Q

group 1 name

A

alkali earth metals

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4
Q

group 2 name

A

alkaline earth metals

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5
Q

group name between 2 and 13

A

transition metals

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6
Q

group 17 name

A

halogens

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7
Q

group 18 name

A

noble gases

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8
Q

what is group 18 also known as?

A

rare earth metals

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9
Q

what are the noble gases known for being?

A

unreactive

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10
Q

what metal isn’t solid at room temperature?

A

mercury (Hg)

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11
Q

lustrous

A

shiny

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12
Q

malleable

A

it can be pounded into sheets

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13
Q

ductile

A

drawn into wires

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14
Q

which nonmetal isn’t a solid/gas at room temperature?

A

bromine (Br)

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15
Q

with the ball and stick chemical formula, how can you tell which element is written in the center?

A

typically the atom in the center is written first

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16
Q

atomic weight (AW)

A

weighted average of all isotopes in an element

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17
Q

fractional abundance (FA)

A

decimal form of the abundance percent

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18
Q

what type of elements are associated with molecular compounds?

A

ONLY non-metals (doesn’t contain ions)

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19
Q

what type of elements are associated with ionic compounds?

A

metals and non-metals; it’s always written in the empirical formula

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20
Q

when do you not use a prefix on the first element of a molecular compound when naming?

A

when there’s only one first atom

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21
Q

ammonia name and formula

A

nitrogen trihydride and NH₃

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22
Q

cations

A

positive ions

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23
Q

anions

A

negative ions

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24
Q

what compounds contains ions?

A

ionic and acid (can be split)

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25
Q

monatomic ions

A

1 element with a charge

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26
Q

which ion comes first in a compound?

A

the cation

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27
Q

what charge is given to group 1 elements?

A

1+

28
Q

what charge is given to group 2 elements?

A

2+

29
Q

what charge is given to group 15 elements?

A

3-

30
Q

what charge is given to group 16 elements?

A

2-

31
Q

what charge is given to group 17 elements?

A

1-

32
Q

what charge is given to group 18 elements

A

0

33
Q

aluminum’s charge

A

3+

34
Q

zinc’s charge

A

2+

35
Q

silver’s charge

A

1+

36
Q

metals and nonmetals are typically positive or negative?

A

metals are typically positive & nonmetals are typically negative

37
Q

how do you name a monatomic cation with a fixed charge?

A

name goes unchanged and add “ion”

38
Q

how do you name a monatomic cation with multiple charges?

A

name goes unchanged but roman numerals are added

39
Q

where does a monatomic cation come from?

A

comes from metals

40
Q

where does a monatomic anion come from?

A

comes from nonmetals

41
Q

in a monatomic ion, is the cation the first compound in the equation or second?

A

first; the anion is second

42
Q

how do you name a monatomic anion?

A

element name is altered with the addition of “-ide” and add ion

43
Q

polyatomic ions

A

2 or more elements with a charge

44
Q

oxyanions

A

of oxygens

45
Q

if a polyatomic ion has 1 less oxygen, what does it end in?

A

-ite

46
Q

if a polyatomic ion has 2 less oxygen, what does it end in?

A

-ite but starts with hypo- prefix

47
Q

if a polyatomic ion has 1 more oxygen, what does it end in?

A

-ate but starts with per- prefix

48
Q

polyatomic ions with different # of oxygen atoms have the same or different charge?

A

same

49
Q

if a polyatomic ion gains a hydrogen, what do you do to the ion?

A

add H in the prefix

50
Q

polyatomic ions with same # of oxygen atoms have the same or different charge?

A

different, add +1 for each hydrogen added

51
Q

if the charges are unequal in an ionic formula, what do you do to the charges for it to be equal?

A

criss-cross the charges to become neutral

52
Q

what is needed for more than one polyatomic?

A

parenthesis

53
Q

acids are known as what type of compounds?

A

nonmetals

54
Q

what is a binary acid?

A

has 2 compounds

55
Q

what does a binary acid compound start and end with?

A

starts with “hydro-“ and ends with “-ic acid”

56
Q

what is a polyatomic acid?

A

has 3 or more elements

57
Q

what does a polyatomic acid compound start and end with?

A

keeps the same prefix and ends with either “-ic acid” or “-ous acid”

58
Q

if the polyatomic acid ends in -ate, what does it turn into?

A

“-ic acid”

59
Q

if the polyatomic acid ends in -ite, what does it turn into?

A

“-ous acid”

60
Q

when do you not add “hydro-“ as a prefix?

A

when it’s a polyatomic acid

61
Q

law of definite (constant) composition

A

the relative # and kind of atoms are constant

62
Q

mass percent

A

mass 1 element contributes in relation to the total compound mass

63
Q

law of mass conservation

A

the total starting masses must equal the total ending masses

64
Q

law of multiple proportions

A

the ratio of the mass ratios of 2 different compounds can be expressed as a whole number

65
Q

when using mass ratio, do you put the bigger or smaller mass in the denominator

A

smaller

Chem 101 (12 decks)

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