Chapter 2: Atoms, molecules, and ions Flashcards
Electron are ____________ charged particles that are found ___________
Electrons are negatively charged particles that are found outside the nucleus
Protons have a ____________ charge that is equal in magnitude to the ____________
Protons have a positive charge that is equal in magnitude to the one of the electron
Isotopes are atoms with the same __________ but different numbers of _______
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of
neutrons
What is a molecule
Collection of atoms held together by covalent bonds
What is an ion
Atom or group of atoms with a net positive or negative charge
Cation
Positive ion formed by losing electrons
Anion
Negative ion formed by gaining electrons
Ionic bonding
Force of attraction between ions with different charges
What are groups or families on the Periodic table
Elements in the vertical
columns with similar chemical properties
What are the group names?
- Alkali metals
- Alkaline earth metals
- Nicogens
- Chalogens
- Halogens
- Noble gases
(on the bottom) - Lanthanides
- Actinides
What are periods on the Periodic table
Horizontal rows of elements
Metals properties
- Lose electrons to form positive ions
- Efficient conductors of heat and electricity
- Malleable, ductile, and have lustrous appearance
Nonmetal properties
- Gain electrons to form negative ions
- Form covalent bonds
Neutrons contain ____________ and have ______________mass of a _______
Neutrons contain no charge and have virtually the same mass of a proton
The nucleus is:
- _____ compared to the overall size of the atom
- _______ in density
The nucleus is:
- small compared to the overall size of the atom
- high in density
