Chapter 2: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Question 0

What are electrons?

Answer 0

Electrons are subatomic particle that has a relative charge of 1- and essentially zero mass.

Question 1

What are Cathode Rays?

Answer 1

Cathode rays are streams of electrons emitted by the cathode in a partially evacuated tube.

Question 2

What is an ion?

Answer 2

An ion is an atom or molecule that has a positive or negative charge.

Question 3

What is a cation?

Answer 3

A cation is a positively charged ion.

Question 4

What is an anion?

Answer 4

An anion is a negatively charged ion.

Question 5

What is radioactivity?

Answer 5

Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of high energy radiation and particles by materials.

Question 6

What is a beta particle?

Answer 6

A beta particle is a radioactive commission that is a high energy electrons.

Question 7

What is an alpha particle?

Answer 7

An alpha particle is a radioactive emission with a charge of 2+ and a mass equivalent to that of the helium nucleus.

Question 8

What is a nucleus?

Answer 8

Nucleus is a positively charged center of an Atom that contains nearly all the Atoms mass.

Question 9

What is a proton?

Answer 9

A proton is a subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom, that has a relative charge of 1+ and a mass number 1.

Question 10

What is the neutron?

Answer 10

A neutron is an electrically neutral (uncharged) subatomic particle with the mass 1.

Question 11

What is an atomic mass unit (amu)?

Answer 11

An atomic mass unit is a unit used to express the relative masses of Atoms and subatomic particle that is exactly 1/12 the mass of one Atom of carbon with 6 protons and 6 neutrons.

Question 12

What is a dalton (da)?

Answer 12

A Dalton is a unit of mass equal to one atomic mass unit

Question 13

What are isotopes?

Answer 13

Isotopes are Atoms of an element containing the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Question 14

What is a nuclide?

Answer 14

A nuclide is a specific isotope of an element.

Question 15

What is an atomic number (Z)?

Answer 15

An atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an Atom.

Question 16

What is a nucleon?

Answer 16

A nucleon is a proton or neutron in the nucleus.

Question 17

What is a mass number (A)?

Answer 17

A mass number is the number of nucleons in an atom.

Question 18

What is the periodic table of elements?

Answer 18

The periodic Table of elements is a chart of the elements in order of their atomic numbers and in a pattern based on their physical and chemical properties.

Question 19

What is a period (of elements)?

Answer 19

A period is All the elements in a row of the periodic table.

Question 20

What is a group or family (of elements)?

Answer 20

A group or family is all the elements in a column of the periodic table.

Question 21

What is a radionuclide?

Answer 21

A radionuclide is a radioactive (unstable) nuclide.

Question 22

What is the halogen?

Answer 22

Halogen is an element in Group 17 of the periodic table.

Question 23

Alkali metal

Answer 23

An element in group one of the periodic table.

Question 24

Alkaline earth metal

Answer 24

An element in group two the periodic table.

Question 25

Metals

Answer 25

Elements that are typically shiny, malleable, ductile solids that conduct heat and electricity well and tend to form positive ions.

Question 26

Nonmetals

Answer 26

Element with properties opposite those of metals including poor conductivity of heat and electricity.

Question 27

Metalloids or semimetals

Answer 27

Elements that tend to have the physical properties of metals and the chemical properties of nonmetals.

Question 28

Main group elements or representative elements

Answer 28

The elements in group 1,2 and 13 through 18 of the periodic table.

Question 29

Transition metals

Answer 29

The elements in group 3 through 12 of the periodic table

Question 30

Noble gases

Answer 30

The elements in group 18 of the periodic table

Question 31

Average atomic mass

Answer 31

The weighted average of the masses of all isotopes of an element, calculated by multiplying the natural abundance of each isotope by its mass in atomic mass units and then summing the products.

Question 32

Natural abundance

Answer 32

The proportion of a particular isotope, usually expressed as a percentage, relative to all the isotopes of that element in a natural sample.

Question 33

Molecular mass

Answer 33

The mass in amu of one molecule of a molecular compound.

Question 34

Formula unit

Answer 34

The smallest electrically neutral unit of an ionic compound.

Question 35

Formula mass

Answer 35

The mass in AMU of one formula unit of an ionic compound.

Question 36

Mole (mol)

Answer 36

On amount of a substance that contains Avocado's number of particles (atoms, ions, molecules, or formula units)

Question 37

What is Avogadro's number?

Answer 37

6.0221×10^ 23

Question 38

Avogadro's number

Answer 38

The number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 g of Carbon 12 isotopes. It is the number of particles in one mole

Question 39

Molar mass

Answer 39

The mass of one mole of a substance.

Question 40

Quarks

Answer 40

Elementary particles that combine to form neutrons and protons.

Question 41

Nucleosynthesis

Answer 41

The natural formation of nuclei as a result of fusion and other nuclear processes.

Question 42

Mass defect

Answer 42

The energy that holds the nucleons together in the nucleus.

Question 43

Strong nuclear force

Answer 43

The fundamental orders of nature that keeps quarks together in subatomic particles and nucleons together in atomic nuclei.

Question 44

Neutron capture

Answer 44

The absorption of a neutron by the nucleus.

Question 45

Beta decay

Answer 45

The process by which a neutron in a neutron-rich nucleus decays into a proton and a beta particle.

Question 46

By adjusting the electrical charge on the top and bottom plates of the lower Chamber of his apparatus, Millikan was able to slow, stop, and even reverse the fall of oil drops. Which of the two plates must have been positively charged?

Answer 46

Top plate

Question 47

if an alpha particle hits an electron in an atom of gold, why doesn't bounce back The way it does when it hits the nucleus of a gold Atom?

Answer 47

Alpha particle reacts with the electron.

Question 48

Suggest the reason why the elements in Mendeleev's version of the periodic table are in order of atomic mass and not atomic number?

Answer 48

The concept of atomic number was unknown in the mid 19th century.

Question 49

How does a unit of measure such as 500 facial tissues in a box relate to the concept of the mole?

Answer 49

It represents the number of objects (tissues) per box. This is analogous having Avocado's number of particles in a mole.

Question 50

Which contains more atoms: 1 g of gold or 1 ?

Answer 50

1 g of silver.