Chapter 2 - Atoms, Ions and Compounds

Question 1

What makes up the nucleus?

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons

Question 2

What occupies the region around the nucleus?

Answer 2

Electrons

Question 3

How are electrons arranged?

Answer 3

In shells around the nucleus

Question 4

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 4

+1

Question 5

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 5

-1

Question 6

What charge does a neutron have?

Answer 6

0

It is neutral

Question 7

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

Answer 7

The same number of electrons and protons so the charges cancel out.

Question 8

What does atomic number represent?

Answer 8

The number of protons.

Question 9

What are isotopes?

Answer 9

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

What does mass number represent?

Answer 10

The number of protons and neutrons.

Question 11

Do isotopes react differently?

Answer 11

No, because chemical reactions involve electrons, not neutrons.

Question 12

What is an ion?

Answer 12

A charged atom. Where the number of electrons and the number of protons differ.

Question 13

What are cations?

Answer 13

Positive ions, atoms with fewer electrons than protons.

Question 14

What are anions?

Answer 14

Negative ions, atoms with more electrons than protons.

Question 15

What is relative isotopic mass?

Answer 15

The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

Question 16

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 16

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

Question 17

How are percentage abundances of the isotopes in a sample of an element found?

Answer 17

Experimentally using a mass spectrometer.

Question 18

What do atoms of metals on the left of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?

Answer 18

Lose them to form cations.

Question 19

What do atoms of non-metals on the right of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?

Answer 19

Gain them to form anions.

Question 20

What is a binary compound?

Answer 20

A compound containing only two elements.

Question 21

What are polyatomic ions?

Answer 21

Ions contain atoms of more than one element bonded together

Question 22

What is the structure and charge of an ammonium ion?

Answer 22

NH(4)

1+

Question 23

What is the structure and charge of a hydroxide ion?

Answer 23

OH

1-

Question 24

What is the structure and charge of a nitrate ion?

Answer 24

NO(3)

1-

Question 25

What is the structure and charge of a nitrite ion?

Answer 25

NO(2) | 1-

Question 26

What is the structure and charge of a hydrogencarbonate ion?

Answer 26

HCO(3) | 1-

Question 27

What is the structure and charge of a manganate(VII) ion?

Answer 27

MnO(4) | 1-

Question 28

What is the structure and charge of a carbonate ion?

Answer 28

CO(3) | 2-

Question 29

What is the structure and charge of a sulfate ion?

Answer 29

SO(4) | 2-

Question 30

What is the structure and charge of a sulfite ion?

Answer 30

SO(3) | 2-

Question 31

What is the structure and charge of a dichromate(VI) ion?

Answer 31

Cr(2)O(7) | 2-

Question 32

What is the structure and charge of a phosphate ion?

Answer 32

PO(4) | 3-

Question 33

What is the structure and charge of a zinc ion?

Answer 33

Zn | 2+

Question 34

What is the structure and charge of a sodium ion?

Answer 34

Na | 1+

Question 35

What is the structure and charge of a halide ion?

Answer 35

F/Cl/Br/I/At | 1-

Question 36

What is the structure and charge of an aluminium ion?

Answer 36

Al | 3+

Question 37

What must an ionic compound have?

Answer 37

An overall charge of zero.

Question 38

What is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 38

Two atoms of the same element bonded together.

Question 39

Do covalent compounds contain ions?

Answer 39

No, they do not.

Question 40

Where are state symbols shown in chemical equations?

Answer 40

In subscript in brackets after a formula.