Chapter 2 - Atoms, Ions and Compounds

Question 1

What makes up the nucleus?

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons

Question 2

What occupies the region around the nucleus?

Answer 2

Electrons

Question 3

How are electrons arranged?

Answer 3

In shells around the nucleus

Question 4

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

Answer 4

The same number of electrons and protons so the charges cancel out.

Question 5

What does atomic number represent?

Answer 5

The number of protons.

Question 6

What are isotopes?

Answer 6

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

What does mass number represent?

Answer 7

The number of protons and neutrons.

Question 8

Do isotopes react differently?

Answer 8

No, because chemical reactions involve electrons, not neutrons.

Question 9

What is an ion?

Answer 9

A charged atom. Where the number of electrons and the number of protons differ.

Question 10

What are cations?

Answer 10

Positive ions, atoms with fewer electrons than protons.

Question 11

What are anions?

Answer 11

Negative ions, atoms with more electrons than protons.

Question 12

What is relative isotopic mass?

Answer 12

The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

Question 13

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 13

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

Question 14

What do atoms of metals on the left of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?

Answer 14

Lose them to form cations.

Question 15

What do atoms of non-metals on the right of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?

Answer 15

Gain them to form anions.

Question 16

What is a binary compound?

Answer 16

A compound containing only two elements.

Question 17

What are polyatomic ions?

Answer 17

Ions contain atoms of more than one element bonded together

Question 18

What is the structure and charge of an ammonium ion?

Answer 18

NH(4)^+

Question 19

What is the structure and charge of a hydroxide ion?

Answer 19

OH^-

Question 20

What is the structure and charge of a nitrate ion?

Answer 20

NO(3)^-

Question 21

What is the structure and charge of a nitrite ion?

Answer 21

NO(2)^-

Question 22

What is the structure and charge of a hydrogencarbonate ion?

Answer 22

HCO(3)^-

Question 23

What is the structure and charge of a manganate(VII) ion?

Answer 23

MnO(4)^-

Question 24

What is the structure and charge of a carbonate ion?

Answer 24

CO(3)^2-

Question 25

What is the structure and charge of a sulfate ion?

Answer 25

SO(4)^2-

Question 26

What is the structure and charge of a sulfite ion?

Answer 26

SO(3)^2-

Question 27

What is the structure and charge of a dichromate(VI) ion?

Answer 27

Cr(2)O(7)^2-

Question 28

What is the structure and charge of a phosphate ion?

Answer 28

PO(4)^3-

Question 29

What is the structure and charge of a zinc ion?

Answer 29

Zn^2+

Question 30

What is the structure and charge of a sodium ion?

Answer 30

Na^+

Question 31

What is the structure and charge of a halide ion?

Answer 31

F/Cl/Br/I/At^1-

Question 32

What is the structure and charge of an aluminium ion?

Answer 32

Al^3+

Question 33

What must an ionic compound have?

Answer 33

An overall charge of zero

Question 34

Do covalent compounds contain ions?

Answer 34

No, they do not.

Question 35

What is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 35

A molecule containing two atoms bonded together

Question 36

List common diatomic molecules.

Answer 36

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2