Chapter 2 - Atoms, Ions and Compounds Flashcards
What makes up the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons
What occupies the region around the nucleus?
Electrons
How are electrons arranged?
In shells around the nucleus
Why do atoms have no overall charge?
The same number of electrons and protons so the charges cancel out.
What does atomic number represent?
The number of protons.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons.
What does mass number represent?
The number of protons and neutrons.
Do isotopes react differently?
No, because chemical reactions involve electrons, not neutrons.
What is an ion?
A charged atom. Where the number of electrons and the number of protons differ.
What are cations?
Positive ions, atoms with fewer electrons than protons.
What are anions?
Negative ions, atoms with more electrons than protons.
What is relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
What do atoms of metals on the left of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?
Lose them to form cations.
What do atoms of non-metals on the right of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?
Gain them to form anions.
What is a binary compound?
A compound containing only two elements.
What are polyatomic ions?
Ions contain atoms of more than one element bonded together
What is the structure and charge of an ammonium ion?
NH(4)^+
What is the structure and charge of a hydroxide ion?
OH^-
What is the structure and charge of a nitrate ion?
NO(3)^-
What is the structure and charge of a nitrite ion?
NO(2)^-
What is the structure and charge of a hydrogencarbonate ion?
HCO(3)^-
What is the structure and charge of a manganate(VII) ion?
MnO(4)^-
What is the structure and charge of a carbonate ion?
CO(3)^2-
What is the structure and charge of a sulfate ion?
SO(4)^2-
What is the structure and charge of a sulfite ion?
SO(3)^2-
What is the structure and charge of a dichromate(VI) ion?
Cr(2)O(7)^2-
What is the structure and charge of a phosphate ion?
PO(4)^3-
What is the structure and charge of a zinc ion?
Zn^2+
What is the structure and charge of a sodium ion?
Na^+
What is the structure and charge of a halide ion?
F/Cl/Br/I/At^1-
What is the structure and charge of an aluminium ion?
Al^3+
What must an ionic compound have?
An overall charge of zero
Do covalent compounds contain ions?
No, they do not.
What is a diatomic molecule?
A molecule containing two atoms bonded together
List common diatomic molecules.
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2
