Chapter 2 - Atoms, Ions and Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the nucleus?

A

Protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What occupies the region around the nucleus?

A

Electrons

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3
Q

How are electrons arranged?

A

In shells around the nucleus

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4
Q

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

A

The same number of electrons and protons so the charges cancel out.

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5
Q

What does atomic number represent?

A

The number of protons.

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6
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons.

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7
Q

What does mass number represent?

A

The number of protons and neutrons.

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8
Q

Do isotopes react differently?

A

No, because chemical reactions involve electrons, not neutrons.

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9
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged atom. Where the number of electrons and the number of protons differ.

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10
Q

What are cations?

A

Positive ions, atoms with fewer electrons than protons.

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11
Q

What are anions?

A

Negative ions, atoms with more electrons than protons.

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12
Q

What is relative isotopic mass?

A

The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

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13
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

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14
Q

What do atoms of metals on the left of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?

A

Lose them to form cations.

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15
Q

What do atoms of non-metals on the right of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?

A

Gain them to form anions.

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16
Q

What is a binary compound?

A

A compound containing only two elements.

17
Q

What are polyatomic ions?

A

Ions contain atoms of more than one element bonded together

18
Q

What is the structure and charge of an ammonium ion?

19
Q

What is the structure and charge of a hydroxide ion?

20
Q

What is the structure and charge of a nitrate ion?

21
Q

What is the structure and charge of a nitrite ion?

22
Q

What is the structure and charge of a hydrogencarbonate ion?

23
Q

What is the structure and charge of a manganate(VII) ion?

24
Q

What is the structure and charge of a carbonate ion?

25
What is the structure and charge of a sulfate ion?
SO(4)^2-
26
What is the structure and charge of a sulfite ion?
SO(3)^2-
27
What is the structure and charge of a dichromate(VI) ion?
Cr(2)O(7)^2-
28
What is the structure and charge of a phosphate ion?
PO(4)^3-
29
What is the structure and charge of a zinc ion?
Zn^2+
30
What is the structure and charge of a sodium ion?
Na^+
31
What is the structure and charge of a halide ion?
F/Cl/Br/I/At^1-
32
What is the structure and charge of an aluminium ion?
Al^3+
33
What must an ionic compound have?
An overall charge of zero
34
Do covalent compounds contain ions?
No, they do not.
35
What is a diatomic molecule?
A molecule containing two atoms bonded together
36
List common diatomic molecules.
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2