Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions And Compounds Flashcards
What are the relative charges for protons, neutrons and electrons?
Protons: +1
Neutrons: 0
Electrons: -1
What are the relative masses for protons, neutrons and electrons?
Protons: 1
Neutrons: 1
Electrons: 1/1836 or 1/2000
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons
How do you calculate Relative atomic mass?
(Isotopic mass x % isotope abundance) + (Isotopic mass x % isotope abundance)
——————————————————————————————
100
OR
(Isotopic mass x isotope abundance) + (Isotopic mass x isotope abundance)
———————————————————————————-
Total isotope abundance
What are ions?
Charged atom or group of atoms that have lost or gained electrons
What is a cation?
Positive ion +
What is an anion?
Negative ion -
What is the carbonate ion molecular formula?
CO3^2-
What is the sulfate(VI) ion molecular formula?
SO4^2-
What is the nitrate(V) ion molecular formula?
NO3^-
What is the hydroxide ion molecular formula?
OH^-
What is the phosphate ion molecular formula?
PO4^3-
What is the ammonium ion molecular formula?
NH4^+
What charges do group 1, 2 and 3 make?
Group 1: +1
Group 2: +2
Group 3: +3
What charges does group 4 make?
Group 4: +4,+2,-4
What charges do group 5, 6 and 7 make?
Group 5: -3
Group 6: -2
Group 7: -1
How do you work out the percentage isotopic abundance?
% abundance= Peak height X100
——————
Total height of all peaks
What is the definition of the relative atomic mass?
The weighted average masses of an atom when compared with 1/12th mass of a carbon-12 atom.
What is the definition of the relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12
How do you find the mass of an isotope in a sample?
% abundance x mass number
State two differences between isotopes of the same element?
Isotopes of the same element have:
- A different number of neutrons
- Different atomic masses
- Different physical properties
State the similarities and differences between the atomic structure of isotopes of the same element?
Similarity- Contains the same number of protons and electrons
Difference- Different number of neutrons
Explain why different isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?
Same number of electrons in the outer shell
When writing the mass and atomic number where should it be written?
The mass number needs to be written at the top of the element, while the atomic number should be at the bottom.
Explain the meaning of the m symbol in mass spectrometry?
m= relative mass
Explain the meaning of the z symbol in mass spectrometry
z= charge
When calculating relative formula mass, what should the answer always contain?
Rounded to a decimal point
Eg, Mr= 84.0
When drawing a gas syringe, what should you always ensure not to do?
Remember to not add a blockade between two pieces of equipment
Suggest a safe way to extinguish a magnesium fire
Cover the fire with sand.
A fire blanket is not used because the fire is too dangerous to get close to.
Why are car manufacturers increasingly using magnesium to make car components rather than iron?
The relative atomic mass of Magnesium is lower than iron therefore overall the mass of the car is less which improves fuel efficiency
Which letter is used it represent the atomic number of an atom?
Z
Which letter is used to represent the mass number of an atom?
A
An atom of element X continues four times as many protons as are found in an atom of C-12
An atom of element X contains 29 neutrons
Deduce the symbol, including mass number and atomic number for element X
6x4=24 protons and 29 neutrons
53
Element X= Cr MASS NUMBER AT THE TOP
24
