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Chemistry Module 2 Foundations In Chemistry > Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions And Compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions And Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the relative charges for protons, neutrons and electrons?

A

Protons: +1
Neutrons: 0
Electrons: -1

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2
Q

What are the relative masses for protons, neutrons and electrons?

A

Protons: 1
Neutrons: 1
Electrons: 1/1836 or 1/2000

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3
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons

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4
Q

How do you calculate Relative atomic mass?

A

(Isotopic mass x % isotope abundance) + (Isotopic mass x % isotope abundance)
——————————————————————————————
100
OR
(Isotopic mass x isotope abundance) + (Isotopic mass x isotope abundance)
———————————————————————————-
Total isotope abundance

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5
Q

What are ions?

A

Charged atom or group of atoms that have lost or gained electrons

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6
Q

What is a cation?

A

Positive ion +

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7
Q

What is an anion?

A

Negative ion -

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8
Q

What is the carbonate ion molecular formula?

A

CO3^2-

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9
Q

What is the sulfate(VI) ion molecular formula?

A

SO4^2-

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10
Q

What is the nitrate(V) ion molecular formula?

A

NO3^-

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11
Q

What is the hydroxide ion molecular formula?

A

OH^-

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12
Q

What is the phosphate ion molecular formula?

A

PO4^3-

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13
Q

What is the ammonium ion molecular formula?

A

NH4^+

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14
Q

What charges do group 1, 2 and 3 make?

A

Group 1: +1
Group 2: +2
Group 3: +3

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15
Q

What charges does group 4 make?

A

Group 4: +4,+2,-4

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16
Q

What charges do group 5, 6 and 7 make?

A

Group 5: -3
Group 6: -2
Group 7: -1

17
Q

How do you work out the percentage isotopic abundance?

A

% abundance= Peak height X100
——————
Total height of all peaks

18
Q

What is the definition of the relative atomic mass?

A

The weighted average masses of an atom when compared with 1/12th mass of a carbon-12 atom.

19
Q

What is the definition of the relative isotopic mass?

A

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

20
Q

How do you find the mass of an isotope in a sample?

A

% abundance x mass number

21
Q

State two differences between isotopes of the same element?

A

Isotopes of the same element have:
- A different number of neutrons
- Different atomic masses
- Different physical properties

22
Q

State the similarities and differences between the atomic structure of isotopes of the same element?

A

Similarity- Contains the same number of protons and electrons
Difference- Different number of neutrons

23
Q

Explain why different isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?

A

Same number of electrons in the outer shell

24
Q

When writing the mass and atomic number where should it be written?

A

The mass number needs to be written at the top of the element, while the atomic number should be at the bottom.

25
Q

Explain the meaning of the m symbol in mass spectrometry?

A

m= relative mass

26
Q

Explain the meaning of the z symbol in mass spectrometry

A

z= charge

27
Q

When calculating relative formula mass, what should the answer always contain?

A

Rounded to a decimal point
Eg, Mr= 84.0

28
Q

When drawing a gas syringe, what should you always ensure not to do?

A

Remember to not add a blockade between two pieces of equipment

29
Q

Suggest a safe way to extinguish a magnesium fire

A

Cover the fire with sand.
A fire blanket is not used because the fire is too dangerous to get close to.

30
Q

Why are car manufacturers increasingly using magnesium to make car components rather than iron?

A

The relative atomic mass of Magnesium is lower than iron therefore overall the mass of the car is less which improves fuel efficiency

31
Q

Which letter is used it represent the atomic number of an atom?

A

Z

32
Q

Which letter is used to represent the mass number of an atom?

A

A

33
Q

An atom of element X continues four times as many protons as are found in an atom of C-12

An atom of element X contains 29 neutrons
Deduce the symbol, including mass number and atomic number for element X

A

6x4=24 protons and 29 neutrons
53
Element X= Cr MASS NUMBER AT THE TOP
24

Chemistry Module 2 Foundations In Chemistry (5 decks)

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