Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions And Compounds

Question 1

What are the relative charges for protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 1

Protons: +1
Neutrons: 0
Electrons: -1

Question 2

What are the relative masses for protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 2

Protons: 1
Neutrons: 1
Electrons: 1/1836 or 1/2000

Question 3

What are isotopes?

Answer 3

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons

Question 4

How do you calculate Relative atomic mass?

Answer 4

(Isotopic mass x % isotope abundance) + (Isotopic mass x % isotope abundance)
——————————————————————————————
100
OR
(Isotopic mass x isotope abundance) + (Isotopic mass x isotope abundance)
———————————————————————————-
Total isotope abundance

Question 5

What are ions?

Answer 5

Charged atom or group of atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 6

What is a cation?

Answer 6

Positive ion +

Question 7

What is an anion?

Answer 7

Negative ion -

Question 8

What is the carbonate ion molecular formula?

Answer 8

CO3^2-

Question 9

What is the sulfate(VI) ion molecular formula?

Answer 9

SO4^2-

Question 10

What is the nitrate(V) ion molecular formula?

Answer 10

NO3^-

Question 11

What is the hydroxide ion molecular formula?

Answer 11

OH^-

Question 12

What is the phosphate ion molecular formula?

Answer 12

PO4^3-

Question 13

What is the ammonium ion molecular formula?

Answer 13

NH4^+

Question 14

What charges do group 1, 2 and 3 make?

Answer 14

Group 1: +1
Group 2: +2
Group 3: +3

Question 15

What charges does group 4 make?

Answer 15

Group 4: +4,+2,-4

Question 16

What charges do group 5, 6 and 7 make?

Answer 16

Group 5: -3
Group 6: -2
Group 7: -1

Question 17

How do you work out the percentage isotopic abundance?

Answer 17

% abundance= Peak height X100
——————
Total height of all peaks

Question 18

What is the definition of the relative atomic mass?

Answer 18

The weighted average masses of the isotopes compared with 1/12th mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Question 19

What is the definition of the relative isotopic mass?

Answer 19

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

Question 20

How do you find the mass of an isotope in a sample?

Answer 20

% abundance x mass number

Question 21

State two differences between isotopes of the same element?

Answer 21

Isotopes of the same element have:
- A different number of neutrons
- Different atomic masses
- Different physical properties

Question 22

State the similarities and differences between the atomic structure of isotopes of the same element?

Answer 22

Similarity- Contains the same number of protons and electrons
Difference- Different number of neutrons

Question 23

Explain why different isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?

Answer 23

Same number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 24

When writing the mass and atomic number where should it be written?

Answer 24

The mass number needs to be written at the top of the element, while the atomic number should be at the bottom.

Question 25

Explain the meaning of the m symbol in mass spectrometry?

Answer 25

m= relative mass

Question 26

Explain the meaning of the z symbol in mass spectrometry

Answer 26

z= charge

Question 27

When calculating relative formula mass, what should the answer always contain?

Answer 27

Rounded to a decimal point
Eg, Mr= 84.0

Question 28

When drawing a gas syringe, what should you always ensure not to do?

Answer 28

Remember to not add a blockade between two pieces of equipment

Question 29

Suggest a safe way to extinguish a magnesium fire

Answer 29

Cover the fire with sand.
A fire blanket is not used because the fire is too dangerous to get close to.

Question 30

Why are car manufacturers increasingly using magnesium to make car components rather than iron?

Answer 30

The relative atomic mass of Magnesium is lower than iron therefore overall the mass of the car is less which improves fuel efficiency

Question 31

Which letter is used it represent the atomic number of an atom?

Answer 31

Z

Question 32

Which letter is used to represent the mass number of an atom?

Answer 32

A

Question 33

An atom of element X continues four times as many protons as are found in an atom of C-12

An atom of element X contains 29 neutrons
Deduce the symbol, including mass number and atomic number for element X

Answer 33

6x4=24 protons and 29 neutrons
53
Element X= Cr MASS NUMBER AT THE TOP
24