Chapter 2 - Atoms, ions and compounds Flashcards
What particles makes up the nucleus of every atom?
Protons and neutrons
What particles surround the nucleus?
Electrons
How are electrons arranged?
Shells (also known as energy levels)
What is the charge of the proton, neutron and electron?
Proton +1
Neutron 0
Electron -1
What is the mass of a proton, neutron and electron?
Proton 1
Neutron 1
Electron 1/2000 (1/1836)
Why do most atoms have no charge?
They have same number of protons as electrons, so their charges cancel out and therefore there is no overall charge
What does the atomic number show?
The number of protons
What does the relative atomic mass number show?
The number or protons and neutrons
How do you work out how many neutrons are in an atom?
Relative atomic mass - atomic number
(overall mass - proton number)
Define an isotope
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of proteins, but have a different number of neutrons (and different masses)
Do isotopes react differently to one another in a chemical reaction?
No, as they still have the same number of electrons and the neutrons do not effect the reaction
Define relative isotopic mass
RIM is the mass of an isotope relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Define relative atomic mass
RAM is the weighted mean mass of an atom relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
How can you determine relative atomic mass?
Using a mass spectrometer to find out the % abundances of each isotope of an element
What is the equation to work out relative atomic mass?
RAM = (% abundance x m/z)+(% abundance x m/z)… / 100
What happens to a metal when it becomes ionised?
It loses an electron to form a cation (+ ion)
What happens to a non-metal when it becomes ionised?
It gains an electron to form an anion (- ion)
What is a binary compound?
A compound containing atoms of only 2 elements (no overall charge)
What is a polyatomic ion?
An ion containing atoms of one or more element (with an overall charge)
How can you work out the charge of an ion?
Number of protons - number of electrons
What is a diatomic molecule?
Where two atoms of the same element are bonded together
What must an ionic compound have?
An overall charge of 0
