Chapter 2 - Atoms, ions and compounds

Question 1

What particles makes up the nucleus of every atom?

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons

Question 2

What particles surround the nucleus?

Answer 2

Electrons

Question 3

How are electrons arranged?

Answer 3

Shells (also known as energy levels)

Question 4

What is the charge of the proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 4

Proton +1
Neutron 0
Electron -1

Question 5

What is the mass of a proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 5

Proton 1
Neutron 1
Electron 1/2000 (1/1836)

Question 6

Why do most atoms have no charge?

Answer 6

They have same number of protons as electrons, so their charges cancel out and therefore there is no overall charge

Question 7

What does the atomic number show?

Answer 7

The number of protons

Question 8

What does the relative atomic mass number show?

Answer 8

The number or protons and neutrons

Question 9

How do you work out how many neutrons are in an atom?

Answer 9

Relative atomic mass - atomic number
(overall mass - proton number)

Question 10

Define an isotope

Answer 10

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of proteins, but have a different number of neutrons (and different masses)

Question 11

Do isotopes react differently to one another in a chemical reaction?

Answer 11

No, as they still have the same number of electrons and the neutrons do not effect the reaction

Question 12

Define relative isotopic mass

Answer 12

RIM is the mass of an isotope relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 13

Define relative atomic mass

Answer 13

RAM is the weighted mean mass of an atom relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 14

How can you determine relative atomic mass?

Answer 14

Using a mass spectrometer to find out the % abundances of each isotope of an element

Question 15

What is the equation to work out relative atomic mass?

Answer 15

RAM = (% abundance x m/z)+(% abundance x m/z)… / 100

Question 16

What happens to a metal when it becomes ionised?

Answer 16

It loses an electron to form a cation (+ ion)

Question 17

What happens to a non-metal when it becomes ionised?

Answer 17

It gains an electron to form an anion (- ion)

Question 18

What is a binary compound?

Answer 18

A compound containing atoms of only 2 elements (no overall charge)

Question 19

What is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 19

An ion containing atoms of one or more element (with an overall charge)

Question 20

How can you work out the charge of an ion?

Answer 20

Number of protons - number of electrons

Question 21

What is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 21

Where two atoms of the same element are bonded together

Question 22

What must an ionic compound have?

Answer 22

An overall charge of 0