Chapter 2 - Atoms, Ions and Compounds Flashcards
What does an atom consist of?
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
What are the relative masses of each subatomic particle?
Proton = 1 Neutron = 1 Electron = 1/1836
State the relative charges of each subatomic particle.
Proton = +1 Neutron = 0 Electron = -1
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons and therefore masses.
Do isotopes affect chemical reactions?
No because different isotopes of the same element have the same number of electrons, but the number of neutrons has no effect on reactions of an element. Therefore, different isotopes of an element react in the same way.
Define an ‘ion’.
An ion is a charged atom with a different number of electrons.
Define ‘cations’ and ‘anions’.
Cations are positive ions/atoms with fewer electrons than protons. Anions are negative ions/atoms with more electrons than protons.
Define ‘relative atomic mass’.
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
State the equation used to calculate the mass-to-charge ratio of an ion.
mass-to-charge ratio = relative mass of ion / relative charge on ion
What is a binary compound?
A binary compound contains two elements only.
What are polyatomic ions?
An ion which contains atoms of more than one element bonded together.
State the charge of a hydroxide ion.
1-
State the charge of an ammonium ion.
1+
State the charge of a carbonate ion.
2-
State the charge of a phosphate ion.
3-
