Chapter 2: Atoms and Molecules Reading

Question 1

What has a tremendous impact on a molecule’s properties?

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

What is the atom composed of?

Answer 2

A nucleus that has protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud

Question 3

What is a common misconception about the electron cloud?

Answer 3

Electrons follow regular orbits around the nucleus. They actually act like clouds of negative charge that surround the nucleus

Question 4

What is the charge of an atom? why?

Answer 4

0 because the charge of the proton and electron are opposite and there is an equal amount in each atom.

Question 5

What is the atomic number?

Answer 5

The number of protons in an atom

Question 6

What are atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons called?

Answer 6

Isotopes

Question 7

What to subatomic particles have similar masses?

Answer 7

Protons and Neutrons

Question 8

What unit is appropriate for the atomic scale?

Answer 8

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

Question 9

How de we calculate amu and what is that number called?

Answer 9

Protons plus neutrons. This is called the mass number

Question 10

What changes between isotopes? What stays the same?

Answer 10

Mass number. Atomic Number

Question 11

What are the two important functions of a mass spectrometer?

Answer 11

1. Takes a stream of microscopic particles and sorts them according to mass
2. Measures the number of particles with a given mass

Question 12

What happens when there is a peak at a particular mass?

Answer 12

The sample analyzed has a component with that mass.

Question 13

What are isotopic abundances?

Answer 13

The percentages describing the relative amounts of each isotope.

Question 14

What do the symbols in writing an isotope stand for?

Answer 14

X is the element, A is the mass number, Z is the atomic number.

Question 15

What is atomic weight? How is it calculated?

Answer 15

The average mass of an atom of a particular element. Calculated with the relative abundance of each isotope (amu x percent abundance)

Question 16

What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called? Vertical columns?

Answer 16

Periods. Groups.

Question 17

What happens as you move across a row?

Answer 17

Important properties of elements vary

Question 18

What happens to the density of elements as you move across a row?

Answer 18

They generally increase

Question 19

What patterns are seen in elements in the same column?

Answer 19

They exhibit similar chemical properties

Question 20

What are the name of the columns of elements?

Answer 20

First Group - Alkali Metals
Second Group - Alkaline Earth
Group 17 - Halogens
Last Group- Noble Gases
Elements that separate these two parts are called transition metals
Bellow the periodic table are lanthanides and actinides

Question 21

What are the three classifications of an element?

Answer 21

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Question 22

What are the properties of metals?

Answer 22

Shiny, malleable, and ductile

They can also conduct electricity

Question 23

What are the properties of non-metals?

Answer 23

Most molecules that make up the body
Not shiny. malleable, or ductile
Do not conduct electricity
Tend to form cations

Question 24

What are metalloids?

Answer 24

Along a diagonal path across the periodic table

Question 25

What is created when the number of protons and electrons are not equal?

Answer 25

Ions

Question 26

What happens when an ion is derived from a single atom?

Answer 26

It’s a monoatomic ion

Question 27

What happens when a group of atoms carry a charge?

Answer 27

Polyatomic ions are formed

Question 28

Negatively charged particles are called?

Answer 28

anions

Question 29

Positively charged particles are called?

Answer 29

cations

Question 30

When do ions attract? Repel?

Answer 30

Opposite charges attract, same charges repel

Question 31

What subatomic particle is lost or gained in the creation of an ion?

Answer 31

Electrons

Question 32

What is the difference between the molecular formula and empirical formula?

Answer 32

The molecular formula is a part list while the empirical formula tells us the relative ration of different elements present.

Question 33

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 33

Oppositely charged ions form a lattice

Question 34

What re metallic bonds?

Answer 34

Bonds that form a lattice but have a positively charged core with electrons moving freely throughout the array

Question 35

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 35

Electrons are usually shared in pairs, electrons shared between two nuclei.