Chapter 2-Atoms Flashcards
Polar
covalent bond unequal sharing *pulls on one than the other
-when you hAve a large molecule and a small molecule
How many electrons go in the 2nd+ shells?
8
What is the fundamental structural unit or elements?
Atoms
What are the parts of the atom?
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Nucleus
Does a proton have a positive or negative charge?
Positive
FACT
Electrons are dynamic- they can can capture and release energy
What about the chemical composition of water helps explain it’s unique properties?
It has hydrogen bonds
Cohesion causes surface tension
What are the “building blocks” of life?
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
A neutron has a ______ charge
Neutral
Cohesion
Water molecules are attracted to each other
What are the three types of bonds?
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
What is an ionic bond?
Transfer electrons if valence she’ll is not full
*Ex) sodium, chlorine
Which bond transfers electrons if valence she’ll I’d not full ?
Ionic bonds
If an atom loses an electron is it positively or negatively charged?
Positive
Covalent bonds
They share equally
*Ex) DNA
Non-polar
Equal sharing
*Ex) pulls equally on both
Hydrogen bond
The partial positive charge of one is attracted to the partial negative charge if the other.
**they are individually weak but strong together
What are the most common elements in organisms
Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur
What happens when an electron jumps from a lower shell to a higher shell and vice versa?
Lower > Higher
*energy is absorbed bumping electrons to a higher energy level
Higher > Lower
*energy was released pushing electrons back to lower energy level when energy was released as heat or light
Adhesion
Water molecules attract to other things
Cohesion example
- *Causes surface tension allowing the twitchy bugs to skip across the surface
- *helps pull water up to talk tree tops
Heat capacity of water, explain
Water has a high specific heat which means it moderates the effects of temperature changes. This is why we are able to sit in the sun/hear for so long
Hydrophobic
Water insoluble molecules
Afraid of water
Define-Solution
A solvent containing one or more dissolved substances
What is an atom?
The fundamental structural units of elements
How many electrons go in the first shell?
Two
An electron has a _______ charge
Negative
Adhesion example
Gives water sticky tendency allows small thin roots to absorb water
What is a universal solvent, explain.
Waters polar nature attracts it to other polar molecules allowing it to become a solution to most anything.
It is a solvent to many molecules important to life: salt, sugar, oxygen, etc
Density of ice
When water forms a solid it expands
*this is unique because it becomes less dense
Hydrophilic
What soluble molecule
Pure water is _______.
Neutral
Define-solvent
A substance that dissolves (completely surrounds and disperses)
True or false?
An inert atom will not react with another atom.
True
What are the two types or covalent bonds?
Polar
Non-polar
