Chapter 2 and 3 Elements Of Life & Molecular Diversity Flashcards
Which are the elements that can form covalent bonds?
SCHNOP
what is a covalent bond?
sharing of electrons
why is carbon such an important compound?
It can make up to 4 covalent bonds
What is Ph?
how many hydroxyl and hydroxide ions a solution have
Acidic solutions are
high in Hydrogen
Basic solutions are
Low on hydrogen
what is the importance of PH?
it controls the shape of the protein, specializes in functions of organelles, and pumps hydrogen for metabolism and transport of cells.
Hydrophobic
hates water (breaks)
hydrophilic
loves water (doesn’t break)
what is a non polar element?
equal share of electrons (no charge)
What is a polar element?
unequal share
Example of non-polar
Oil and Fats
Low pH can
donate protons
High pH can
neutralize acids
buffer
neutralizer of a solution
hydrolysis
catabolism, adds H2O
dehydration
anabolism, removes h2o
what are the main 4 macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins
what does carbohydrates contain?
carbon, hydrogen and lots of oxygen
what are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
monossacharides
what are the functions of carbohydrates?
transport of food in plants, create glucose.
what is a nucleic acid made of?
Nitrogen , -phosphorus , ribose
what are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Adenosine triphosphate , rna and dna
what are the functions of nucleic acids?
Store information and creates protein
what makes up proteins?
Amino, hydrogen, carboxyl, and r group
what are the building blocks of protein?
Amino acids
what are the functions of proteins?
To create all important acids in the body
what are lipids made of?
Hydrogens and carbons
what are the building blocks of lipids?
Fatty acids
what are the functions of lipids?
Stores energy
what makes an amino acid different from other molecules?
it contains an R-group
What are the bonds that hold proteins ?
Peptide bonds
What is the component of paper?
Cellulose
What is the component of bread?
Starch
What is starch considered?
Carbohydrate
Saturated
No double bonds and polar tail
Unsaturated
One double bond
How many structures do proteins have?
4
Hair protein with heat
Physical change and changes 2nd position
Protein of perm in hair
Changes tertiary and chemical change
monomer
single tier
dehydration synthesis
removal of water once the hydrogen from one group is added to a hydroxyl group
hydrolysis
adding water (breaks covalent bond)
molecule that can dissolve in water is classified as
polar
molecule that cannot dissolve in water is classified as
non polar
carbohydrates are polar or non polar?
polar
nucleic acids are polar or non polar?
polar
proteins are polar or non polar?
it depends, some are polar some are non polar.
lipids are -polar or non polar?
non polar
what is the advantage of being polar?
easy to break in water and allows macromolecules to spread around the systems
is butter unsaturated or saturated?
saturated
is oil unsaturated or saturated?
unsaturated
if a protein is folded, does it change its structure?
no
would a saturated fat look straight or dented?
straight
would a unsaturated fat look straight or dented?
dented
are unsaturated fats good for you?
yes
are saturated fats good for you?
depends on the amount of sugar you intake
are trans fat healthy?
no
what is the phospholipid bilayer made of?
phosphate polar head and non polar tail
prostaglandin
local hormone
pain and inflammation can be treated by
ibuprofen and aspirins
is cholesterol bad for you?
not bad
what are the reproductive organ hormones?
estrogen and testosterone
what are terpenes?
steroids found on essential oils, menthol, vitamin a
