Chapter 2 and 3 Flashcards
Roman British Campaigns
Caesar. Came for wealth, prestige, power. Left, returned, but left for Gaul and didn’t return. 55-54 BC
Claudius
Roman emperor. Decided to conquer Britain. 41 AD
Cunobelin
British king, “King of the Britons”, strong, died, sons made enemies of Rome, died 42 AD
Aulus Platius
Roman general, conquered Cunobelin’s kingddom, sailed 43 AD
Iceni Revolt
Boudicca led revolt against Romans, failed. 60 AD.
Boudicca
Queen, led Iceni Revolt, drank poison, 61 AD
Julius Agricola
Governor of Britain, used roads and forts, finished conquest of Wales, 78 AD
Hadrian’s Wall
proposed by Hadrian, stone and turf, fortified base, separated Brigantes, deterred raiders, 122-128 AD
Antonine’s Wall
2nd wall, held for 20 years, 143 AD
coloniae
Roman veteran town in Britain, first 4 towns in Roman Britain, longer time period, stopped end of 5th century
municipium
existing British town, end of 5th century stopped
civitas
tribes grouped, became capitals, especially Celtic aristocrats, stopped end of 5th century
legate
governor of Britain, appointed by emperor, early medieval period
villa
center of agricultural estate, owned by wealthy Britons, started 2nd century, became a lot more elaborate
Romanization
the attempt to make Britons more Roman. Civitas, Latin, government, dress. Worked best in towns, Rome left in 5th century
Count of Saxon Shore
Command of troops in Britain, 4th century
Vortigern
ruler of SE Britain, invites Saxons to help defend from Scots and Picts, 5th century
Hengest and Horsa
Saxon brothers, came to help Vortigern, set up kingdom in Kent, 5th century
Pelagius
heretic, man was born free of sin, could choose good and evil, condemned by many, Pelagians, 4th century
comitatus
group of warriors around king/chiefs, 5th century
Aelle
Found of Sussex, Anglo-Saxon chief, late 5th-century or early 6th
thegn
Anglo-saxon warrior, loyal to lords, received rewards for loyal service, 5th century
Mount Badon
500 AD, battle, King Arthur?, British beat Saxons, halted conquest for 50 years
Gregory I
Pope, wanted to convert Britain, late 6th century
Augustine of Kent
Leader of Roman missionaries to Britain, late 6th early 7th, converted Kent and Essex
St. Columba
Irishman, converted Oswald of Northumbria, late 6th century, Iona
Iona monastery
On island of Iona off of Scotland, St. Columba, Oswald, helped convert Northumbria
Roman Christianity
bishop, diocese, order, discipline
Celtic Christianity
abbot, monastery, evangelical fervor, ascetic
Lindisfarne monastery
Founded by Aidan, helped convert Northumbrians, major Christian center, 7th century
St. Aidan
Established Lindisfarne monastery, Celtic church, Northumbria, evangelist, 7th century
Oswy, King of Northumbria
Summoned Synod of Whitby, decided to side with Romanized Easter, married Kentish princess, 7th century
Synod of Whitby
664, meeting to debate which Easter to use, Oswy summoned, Wilfrid and Colman debated, Roman used
Wilfrid
Northumbrian, studied in Rome, argued for Roman Easter, native Northumbrian
Colman
Ionan monk, argued for Celtic Easter
Theodore of Tarsus
Old dude, unified British church, late 7th century, Archbishop of Canterbury, set up dioceses, organized church with bishops
Synod of Hertford
672, first meeting of English church to make decisions
Bretwalda
“king of britain”, name claimed by some early kings, seventh century
Offa
King of Mercia, Later 8th century, extended kingdom, promoted trade, set up boundaries “Rex angolorum”
Egbert
King of Wessex, ninth century, defeated Mercians
Alfred I
The Great, 9th century, 871, King of Wessex, fought the Danes, shored up defense of Wessex
Battle of Edington
English defeat of the Danes. Alfred the Great forced them out, saved them from destructions, 885
fyrd
Anglo-Saxon militia
Burhs
fortresses created by Alfred, close to towns, large, fortified
