Chapter 2: Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Breathing
How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis?
2
What is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system?
Protecting the body from disease
You use this muscle to smile, but not grin?
Levator Anguli Oris
What bone forms the back of the skull?
Occipital
What is true of the pituitary gland?
It is the most complex organ of the endocrine system
This muscle is used to grin.
Risorius Muscle
What are the sensations that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body?
Hormones
Why is important for an esthetician to know about the muscles of the forearm?
To maintain the body’s mechanics
What is the importance of lymph?
To disperse white blood cells and cell nutrients
What are the three muscles of the ear called?
Auricularis muscles
Which movement separates the fingers?
Abduction
What is the nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system?
Blood
What does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels?
So the nervous system can function properly
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Providing the physical function of the body
When you show someone your muscles on your arm, you are most likely showing them your_______?
Biceps
What is sternum?
Flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs
What muscle is thin and flat between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips?
Buccinator
Where in the body does the spinal cord originate?
Brain
What binds the tissue of the body together?
Connective tissue
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
Moving blood through the body
What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste?
Digestive
Connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve are types of what found in the body?
Tissue
Which large, flat, triangular muscle covers the lower back?
Latissiumus dorsi
What are valves?
Structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction
How does massage help the muscles of the hand?
Maintain pliability
What body system serves as a protective covering for the body?
Integumentary
What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system?
Skeletal tissue
Which body system eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product?
Respiratory
What are platelets?
Blood components that contribute to the blood clotting process
The kidneys and bladder are part of this system.
Excretory
Which body system controls and coordinates all body functions?
Nervous
What is the primary function of the excretory system?
Purifying the body by elimination of waste matter
How much blood does the human body contain?
Eight to ten pints
What is the one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs and tissues?
To understand the effect that services have on the body
What doe the kidneys do?
Excrete water and waste products
What is the connection between two or more bones of the skeleton?
Joint
Which body system regulates temperature and produces vitamin D?
Integumentary
Which body system protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease-causing toxins?
Immune/lymphatic
What is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems?
Nervous
Which part of the muscle flexes but remains stationary
Origin
Which of these muscles are used in chewing?
Masseter and temporalis
What is the study of the structure and composition of tissue?
Histiology
This movement is used to rotate the muscles.
Supination
What body system affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?
Endocrine
This muscle pulls down the corners of the mouth.
Triangularis
When you bend forward you are using which muscle movement?
Triangularis
Which muscles causes wrinkles on the forehead?
Frontalis
What is true of the origin part of a muscle?
It is attached to the skeleton
What organ circulates the blood?
Heart
What are the structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions?
Organs
Which muscle draws the scalp backward?
Occipitalis
What carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body function?
Nerve tissue
This muscle closes the eyes.
Orbicularis oculi
What is the primary function of the reproductive system?
Perpetuating the human race
What is the fluid part of the blood that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells?
Plasma
What are glands?
Specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood
Which type of muscle will estheticians work with?
Skeletal
What is defecation?
Eliminating waste from the body
When you turn your head you are using the_____?
Sternocleidomastoid
What is protoplasm?
Substance of which cells of all living things are composed of
What is not true about the brain?
Largest organ of the body
What organ in the endocrine system secretes enzyme - producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
Pancreas
If you want to pucker up, you need to use the ___muscle.
Orbicularis oris
What is the process of cell reproduction called?
Mitosis
