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Osteology > Chapter 2- Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Standard Anatomical position

A

Human standing, looking forward, feet together & pointed forward, arms alongside body and thumbs pointed away from body

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2
Q

left & right

A

Refer to sides of individual being studied, not the observers viewpoint

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3
Q

Cranial skeletal anatomy

A

anatomy of skull

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4
Q

postcranial anatomy

A

any bones below the skull

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5
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of the trunk

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6
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the limbs, incl. pelvic girdles

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7
Q

saggital (midsaggital, median, or midline)

A

Divides the body into symmetrical right and L halves

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8
Q

parasaggital section

A

Any planar slice thru the body that parallels the sagittal plane

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9
Q

coronal (frontal) plane

A

Divides the body into front and back half

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10
Q

paracoronal plane

A

a plane that is parallel to the coronal plane (dividing the body into front & back(

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11
Q

transverse (horizontal plane)

A

slices thru the body at any height, but is perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes

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12
Q

superior

A

towards the head ot the hominid

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13
Q

inferior

A

away from the head

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14
Q

anterior

A

towards the ront of the body

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15
Q

posterior

A

towards the back of the body

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16
Q

medial

A

towards the midline of the body

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17
Q

lateral

A

opposite of medial; away from the midilne of the body

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18
Q

proximal

A

nearest the axial skeleton, usually used for limb bones

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19
Q

distal

A

farthest from the axial skeleton

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20
Q

external

A

outer, closer to the surface

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21
Q

internal

A

inner, farther from the surface

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22
Q

extrinsic

A

external to that which it acts upon (ex. muscles)

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23
Q

intrinsic

A

internal to that which it acts upon (ex. muscles)

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24
Q

endocranial

A

inner surface of the cranial vault

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25
Q

ectocranial

A

outer surface of the cranial vault

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26
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface

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27
Q

deep

A

opposite of superficial, far from the surface

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28
Q

subcutaneous

A

just below the skin

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29
Q

palmar

A

palm side of the hand

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30
Q

plantar

A

sole side of the foot

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31
Q

volar

A

refers to either the hollow of either the hand or the foot

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32
Q

dorsal

A

top/back of either hand or foot

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33
Q

mesial

A

towards the midilne of the dental arch where central incisors contact each other

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34
Q

distal

A

opposite of mesial. away from the midline of the dental arch

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35
Q

lingual

A

towards the tongue.

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36
Q

labial

A

opposite of lingual, towards the lips. used for front teeth

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37
Q

buccal

A

opposite of lingual, toward the cheeks. used for back teeth

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38
Q

interproximal

A

the area of a tooth in contact with an adjacent tooth in the same jaw

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39
Q

occlusal

A

facing the opposing dental arch, usually the chewing surface of each tooth

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40
Q

apical

A

towards or at the root of the tooth

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41
Q

cervical

A

at, around, pertaining to either the neck proper, or any number of anatomical spots referred to as a neck or cervix

42
Q

incisal

A

the biting, or occlusal edge of the incisors

43
Q

mesiodistal axis

A

axis running from mesial to distal (on a tooth)

44
Q

buccolingual & labiolingual axes

A

axis running from labial or buccal to lingual (on a tooth)

45
Q

flexion

A

bending movement decreasing angle between body parts

46
Q

extension

A

opposite of flexion, a straightening movement

47
Q

abduction

A

movement of a body part, usually a limb, away from the sagittal plane

48
Q

adduction

A

movement of a body part, usually a limb, towards` from the sagittal plane

49
Q

circumduction

A

appendage being moved in cone-shaped movement

50
Q

rotation

A

motion occuring as a body part turns on an axis`

51
Q

opposition

A

motion in which body parts are brought together (like two fingers grasping small objects)

52
Q

pronation

A

rotation of the forearms- palm is turned to facing up

53
Q

supination

A

palm returned to facing down, thumb lateral

54
Q

dorsiflexion

A

flexion of anterior portion of foot away from the ground (front of foot up)

55
Q

plantarflexion (volarflexion)

A

flexing anterior portion of the foot inferiorly ((heel up)

56
Q

eversion (supination)

A

turning sole of foot inward so it faces midline of body

57
Q

inversion of foot

A

turning sole of foot upwards so it faces towards midline of body

58
Q

process

A

bony prominence

59
Q

eminence

A

a bony projection tat is not as prominent as a process

60
Q

spine

A

a long, thin sharp process

61
Q

tuberosity

A

large, rugose/roughened eminence of variable shape. Often a site of tendon/ligament attachment

62
Q

tubercle

A

small, usually rugose eminence. a small version of a tuberosity

63
Q

trochanter

A

one of two large, prominent, blunt rugose processes found only on FEMUR.

64
Q

malleolus

A

round protuberance adjacent to ankle joint

65
Q

boss

A

smooth, ronud, broad eminence (such as bossing of frontal bone on skull

66
Q

articulation

A

an area where adjacent bones are in contact

67
Q

condyle

A

a rounded articular process.

68
Q

epicondyle

A

a nonarticular projection adjacent to a condyle.

69
Q

head

A

a large, rounded, usually articular ed of a bone

70
Q

shaft

A

the long straight section of a bone

71
Q

epiphysis

A

usually the end portion or extremity of a bone tht is expanded for articulation

72
Q

neck

A

the section of a bone between the head and the shaft

73
Q

torus

A

a bony thickening (such as in the skull)

74
Q

ridge

A

a linear bony elecation, often roughened

75
Q

crest

A

a prominent, usually sharp & thin edge of bone often formed between adjacent muscle masses

76
Q

line

A

a linear raised surface, not as thick as a torus or as sharp as a crest

77
Q

hamulus

A

a hook-shaped projection. Such as on the wrist’s hamate bone

78
Q

facet

A

a small articular surface on a bone, or a tooth-tooth contact.

79
Q

ramus

A

a branch

80
Q

fossa

A

a depressed area, broad and shallow

81
Q

fovea

A

pit-like depressed area, usually smaller than a fossa

82
Q

groove

A

long pit/furrow

83
Q

sulcus

A

a long, wide groove

84
Q

fontanelle

A

a space between cranial bones of an infant

85
Q

suture

A

where adjacent bones of the skull meet/articulate

86
Q

foramen

A

opening thru a bone, usually a passage for nerves

87
Q

hamulus

A

a hook-shaped projection. Such as on the wrist’s hamate bone

88
Q

facet

A

a small articular surface on a bone, or a tooth-tooth contact.

89
Q

ramus

A

a branch

90
Q

fossa

A

a depressed area, broad and shallow

91
Q

fovea

A

pit-like depressed area, usually smaller than a fossa

92
Q

groove

A

long pit/furrow

93
Q

sulcus

A

a long, wide groove

94
Q

fontanelle

A

a space between cranial bones of an infant

95
Q

suture

A

where adjacent bones of the skull meet/articulate

96
Q

foramen

A

opening thru a bone, usually a passage for nerves

97
Q

canal

A

a tunnel-like passage usually extending from a foramen

98
Q

canaliculus

A

a very small passage or duct

99
Q

sinus

A

a cavity within a cranial bone

100
Q

alveolus

A

a tooth socket

Osteology (2 decks)

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