Chapter 2 (All) - Materials Flashcards
A substance that is made up of just one type of atom is referred to as
Element
A substance that is made up of different types of atoms is known as
Compound
Atoms are made up of smaller particles known as subatomic particles - there are three types what are they
protons, neutrons and electrons
subatomic particles create a cluster at the centre of an atom, this is known as
nucleus
What is a proton
A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a positive electric charge (equal to that of an electron)
What is an neutron
A subatomic particle located in the nucleus which has no electric charge but has the same mass as a proton
What is an electron
A subatomic particle located in nucleus with a negative charge.
What is an Electron cloud
As electrons are smaller and move quite fast to form an electron cloud that surround the nucleus
What is an Ion
An atom or a molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to protons therefore giving the atom or molecule a positive or negative charge
What is atomic number
The number of protons or electrons found in an atom.
If a atom was neutral the number would be even. The higher the atomic number the heavier the atom.
The number of protons in an atom is the atomic number. The number of protons plus neutrons is called the mass number
Large grid like structure of atoms or ion in which each particle is bonded to neighbouring atoms
crystal Lattices
What is a cation
an ion that has fewer electrons than protons and is positively charged
What is an anion
an ion that has more electrons that protons and is negatively charged
Name the force that attracts electrons to the nucleus
electro magnetic force
name the force that makes protons repel each other
electro magnetism repulsion
what force holds protons together in the nucleus
nuclear force
Rutherford experiment
discovered the nucleus only takes up a small part of the atom. The atoms was mostly made up of empty space with a positively charged nucleus.
shot a beam through a sheet of gold foil. revealing most particles passed through the foil, although some bounced back.
The periodic table is a list of elements arranged in order of their atomic number.
How many are there
118
Metal (are elements) what 3 things and describe
LUSTROUS: shine when polished
MALLEABLE: bent into new shapes without breaking
DUCTILE: stretched into wires
What is an Alloy
Is a mixture of a base metal with another element. By mixing with another element makes properties better eg stronger
Name some uses of pure / base metals
Great electrical conductors (ALUMINIUM)
Are malleable - hammered into new shapes (LEAD)
Ductile - stretched into long wires (COPPER)
Thermal conductors (heat can pass through them)
Lustrous: shine when polished
Name some Alloys and uses
Brass : hinges, ships, instrument
good appearance, less corrosion and stronger
than pure metal copper
Duralumin: aircraft frames
very light and stronger than pure metal
aluminium.
What is the measure of pure gold
Carat Scale
With pure gold being measured at 24 Carat
A Metalloid have a metallic appearance but chemically are more like non-metals, they are semi-conductors. they can form alloys with metals….give 3 examples
Boron, Silicon and Germanium
A metal is a solid material which is hard, ductile, good electrical and thermal conductor ….give 3 examples
iron, gold, silver
Non metals are naturally gases in the air, low melting and boiling point, dull, brittle and poor conductors of heat and electricity….give 3examples
hydrogen, oxygen, helium
What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature
mercury
over 90% of all known compounds contain carbon. Carbon exists in molecules in every living thing and essential to life on earth.
Pure Carbon exists in 3 common forms call allotropes …..name them
amorphous carbon (black powder - charcoal)
diamond (hardest natural substance)
graphite (soft slippery substance - conducts electricity
batteries, lead pencil)
Why do most metals sink in water
Metals are denser than water and therefore will sink. The only exceptions are lithium, sodium and potassium (they will float)
Name the base metal of steel and the added metal that gives its rust resistance
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon
Iron is the base metal
Chromium and Nickel added to it to give its rust resistance.
What is polyatomic
containing more that one atom
What is quenching
a process in which heated metal is cooled rapidly by dropping it into water
What is tempering
a process in which metal is heated, cooled rapidly and then reheated
what is an acid
a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) into an aqueous solution
define the term indicator
chemicals that change colour to show whether a substance is acidic, neutral or basic
define the term hydrogen ions
when acid is mixed with water - when mixed with water, some of the hydrogen atoms in the acid molecule are released to form hydrogen ions (H+)
what term best describes a substance that releases OH- ions
A base - forms hydroxide ions.
what term best describes a solution of a base dissolved in water
alkali
what term best describes and ion with more than one atom
polyatomic
name the acid that is in vinegar
acetic (ethanoic) CH3COOH
name the acid that is in milk
lactic (C3H6O3)
name the acid that is in lemons
citric C6H8O7)
name the following acid or base: CH3COOH
acetic acid (vinegar)
name the following acid or base: NaOH
Base/alkali- sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)
name the following acid or base: NH3
Base/alkali - ammonia
list the names and chemical formulas of two strong acids and two bases
Acids: hydrochloric (HCl) Nitric HNO3) Bases: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) NaOH
name the base that is in paint stripper
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) NaOH
name the base that is in cement
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2
name the base that is in baking soda
sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)
what is the ion formed by acids
H+
what is the ion formed by bases
OH-
explain why you have a sour taste in your mouth when you vomit?
your stomach contains acid (hydrochloric)
predict whether litmus paper will turn red or blue when dipped in washing powder (containing sodium carbonate)
blue - its a base
predict whether litmus paper will turn red or blue when dipped in orange juice (containing citric acid)
red - its an acid
predict whether litmus paper will turn red or blue when dipped in lemonade (containing H2CO3)
red - its an acid
predict whether litmus paper will turn red or blue when dipped in cleaner (containing NH3)
blue - its a base
why is universal indicator more useful than litmus?
allows pH to be determined more accurately - many different colours on scale
identify an example of an ion that is a single atom that has been charged
Finn - you need to find the answer to this one and edit this card
identify an example of an ion that is polyatomic
Hydroxide ion (OH-)
