Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATLS > Chapter 2 Airway and Ventilatory Management > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Airway and Ventilatory Management Flashcards

1
Q

When preparing for an intubation what primary complication should be avoided by immediate suction

A

Aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acronym for difficult intubation assessment

A

LEMON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define LEMON

A

L-Look externally E-Evaluate (332 rule) Distance between incisors ≥ 3 fingers Distance between hyoid and chin ≥ 3 fingers Distance between thyroid notch & floor of mouth ≥2 fingers M-Mouth/Millampati (hypopharynx classification) O-Obstruction N-Neck mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Objective signs of airway obstruction on inspection

A

Agitation Obtundation Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Objective signs of airway obstruction on Auscultation

A

Noisy breathing Snoring, gurgling, crowing Hoarseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Airway: Inspection

A

Pulse ox Head Chest Nails/circumoral skin (late sign) Retractions/accessory muscle use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Airway: Auscultation

A

Abnormal sounds Absent Sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Airway: Palpation

A

Trachea (midline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ventilation: Inspection

A

Asymmetry (Splinting/flail chest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ventilation: Auscultation

A

Tachypnea Absent BS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of Airway Techniques (2)

A

Chin-lift Jaw Thrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of Airways

A

Oropharyngeal Nasopharyngeal Extraglottic + Supraglottic devices (LMA, ILMA, LTA, MEA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who should you not use an Oropharyngeal airway on?

A

Conscious patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who cannot have a Nasopharyngeal airway?

A

Pt’s w/ suspect cribiform plate fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is an Extraglottic/Supraglottic device used?

A

In pt’s who require adjunct airway but in whom intubation has failed or is unlikely to succeed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do any of the Extraglottic/Supraglottic devices provide a definitive airway?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the four types of Extraglottic/supraglottic devices?

A

Laryngeal Mask Airway Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway Laryngeal Tube Airway Multilumen Esophageal Airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of Airway is Demonstrated in this Photo

A

Oropharyngeal Airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of Airway is Demonstrated in this photo?

A

Nasopharyngeal Airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of Airway is Demonstrated in this photo?

A

Laryngeal Mask Airway

21
Q

What type of Airway is Demonstrated in this photo?

A

Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway

22
Q

What type of Airway is Demonstrated in this photo?

A

Laryngeal tube Airway

23
Q

What type of Airway is Demonstrated in this photo?

A

Multilumen Esophageal Airway

24
Q

What is the Definition of a Definitive Airway?

A

Tube placed in the trachea w/ cuff inflated below the vocal coards. Tube connected to some sort of oxygen enriced ventilation and airway is secured with tape

25
Q

What are the 3 types of Definitive Airway

A
  1. Orotracheal Tube
  2. Nasotracheal Tube
  3. Surgical Airway (Cric/Trach)
26
Q

What are the inidications for a Definitive Airway due to the need for Airway protection?

A

Severe maxillofacial fx

Raisk of obstruction (Nack hematoma, laryngeal or tracheal injury, Stridor)

Risk for aspiration (bleeding, vomiting)

Unconscious

27
Q

What are the indications for definitive airway due to the need for ventilation/oxygenation?

A

Inadequat resp status (tachypnea, hypoxia, hypercarbia, cyanosis)

Massive blood loss and need for vol resusc

Severe closed head injry w/ need for hyperventilation

Apnea

28
Q

GCS < 8 You Must ______

A

Intubate

29
Q

Whic definitive endotracheal intubation is preferred?

A

Orotracheal

30
Q

When can Nasotracheal intubation be used?

A

only in pt’s who are already spontaneously breathing

31
Q

When is NT tube contraindicated?

A

Frontal sinus, basilar skull, and cribiform plate fx suspect

Apnea

32
Q

What CONFIRMS proper tube placement

A

X-ray

33
Q

What SUGGESTS proper tube placement?

A

Lung sounds present bilaterally

No borborygmi

Presence of CO2 in exhaled air on capnography

34
Q

What should be used if OT placement is unsuccessful on the first try?

A

GEB (Gum Elastic Bougie)

35
Q

Steps for Rapid Sequence Intubation (10)

A
  1. Plan for failure
  2. Ensure suction + pos pressure vent are ready
  3. Preoxygenation w/100% O2
  4. Cric pressure
  5. Admin Induction (etomidate 0.3mg/kg) or sedative
  6. Admin Succsinylcholine (1-2mg/kg)
  7. after pt relaxes intubate OT
  8. Inflate cuff, confirm placement
  9. releast Cric
  10. ventilate
36
Q

Why is etomidate preferred to other sedatives?

A

Does not have significant effect on BP/ICP while still sedating

37
Q

Why does care need to be taken when using etomidate and other sedatives?

A

Can cause loss of the airway

38
Q

What is the downside to using Etomidate?

A

can suppress adrenal function

39
Q

What is the onset and duration of action of succinylcholine?

A

onset < 1 min

duration ≤ 5 min

40
Q

What electrolyte imbalance can succinylcholine cause?

Why does this matter?

A

Hyperkalemia

Cution w/ pt’s who have crush injury, burns, electrical injury

41
Q

What are the 2 types of Surgica Airway?

A

Needle Cricothyroidotomy

Surgical Cricothyroidotomy

42
Q

When is a surgical Airway appropriate?

A

ET failure, LMA/ILMA failure

Glottis Edema

FX of larynx

Seere orpharyngeal hemorrhage

43
Q

How long can a needle cric be used for?

A

30-45 min

44
Q

What size cannula is used in needle cric?

A

adults - 12-14g

45
Q

Who should not get a surgical cric?

A

Children < 12yo

46
Q

When should the result of calorimetric tests be used?

A

After 6 breaths

Gastric distension can cause increase in exhaled CO2 levels , but clears up in a few breaths.

47
Q

What type of intubation is indicated in this photo?

A

Orotracheal Intubation

48
Q

What type of intubation is indicated in this photo?

A

Nasotracheal intubation

ATLS (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions