Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making

Question 1

ADM

Answer 1

Aeronautical decision-making (ADM) is decision-making
in a unique environment—aviation. It is a systematic
approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently
determine the best course of action in response to a given set
of circumstances. It is what a pilot intends to do based on the
latest information he or she has.

Question 2

80 percent of all aviation accidents are

Answer 2

related to human factors and the vast majority of these
accidents occur during landing (24.1 percent) and takeoff
(23.4 percent)

Question 3

four fundamental principles of risk management

Answer 3

Accept No unnecessary Risk
Make risk decisions at the appropriate level.
Accept risk when benefits outweigh dangers (costs).
Integrate risk management into planning at all levels.

Question 4

CRM

Answer 4

Crew Resource Management (CRM) focuses on pilots operating in crew environments

Question 5

SRM

Answer 5

Single-Pilot Resource Management is defined as the art and science of managing all the resources (both on-board the aircraft and from outside sources). SRM is all about helping pilots learn how to gather information, analyze it, and make decisions.

Question 6

Two defining elements of ADM

Answer 6

hazard and risk.

Question 7

Hazard

Answer 7

is a real or perceived condition, event, or circumstance that a pilot encounters.

Question 8

Risk

Answer 8

risk is an assessment of the single or cumulative hazard facing a pilot; however, different pilots see hazards differently.

Question 9

Hazardous Attitudes and Antidotes

Answer 9

Anti-authority
Impulsivity
Invulnerability
Macho
Resignation

Question 10

NTBS

Answer 10

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
reports and other accident research can help a pilot learn to
assess risk more effectively.

Question 11

MVFR

Answer 11

marginal
visual flight rules

Question 12

IMC

Answer 12

instrument meteorological conditions

Question 13

The PAVE Checklist

Answer 13

Another way to mitigate risk is to perceive hazards. By incorporating the PAVE checklist into preflight planning, the pilot divides the risks of flight into four categories

Question 14

PAVE

Answer 14

Pilot-in-command (PIC), Aircraft,
enVironment,
and External pressures (PAVE) which form part of a pilot’s decision-making process.

Question 15

Pave: Pilot

Answer 15

The pilot is one of the risk factors in a flight. The pilot must ask, “Am I ready for this trip?” in terms of experience, recency, currency, physical, and emotional condition. The IMSAFE checklist provides the answers.

Question 16

PAVE: Aircraft

Answer 16

What limitations will the aircraft impose upon the trip? Ask the following questions:
* Is this the right aircraft for the flight?
* Am I familiar with and current in this aircraft? Aircraft performance figures and the AFM are based on a brand new aircraft flown by a professional test pilot. Keep that in mind while assessing personal and aircraft performance.
* Is this aircraft equipped for the flight? Instruments? Lights? Navigation and communication equipment adequate?
* Can this aircraft use the runways available for the trip with an adequate margin of safety under the conditions to be flown?
* Can this aircraft carry the planned load?
* Can this aircraft operate at the altitudes needed for the trip?
* Does this aircraft have sufficient fuel capacity, with reserves, for trip legs planned?

Question 17

PAVE: EnVironment

Answer 17

Weather, Terrain, Nighttime

Question 18

PAVE: External Pressure

Answer 18

External pressures are influences external to the flight that create a sense of pressure to complete a flight—often at the expense of safety. Factors that can be external pressures include the following