Chapter 2: A Historical Perspective: Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century

Question 1

By eighteenth century, he had anticipated psychology as a science and psychological measurement as a specialty within that science.

Answer 1

Christian von Wolff

Question 2

It is the state-sponsored examinations for official positions.

Answer 2

Imperial Examination

Question 3

He developed the product-moment correlation technique, its roots can be traced directly to the work of Galton.

Answer 3

Karl Pearson

Question 4

Who built the first experimental psychology laboratory, founded at the University of Leipzig in Germany?

Answer 4

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 5

He became an extremely influential contributor to the field of measurement, aspired to classify people “according to their natural gifts” (p. 1) and to ascertain their “deviation from an average”.

Answer 5

Francis Galton

Question 6

He is one of Wundt’s students at Leipzig, an American named _______, completed a doctoral dissertation that dealt with individualbdifferences—specifically, individual differences in reaction time.

Answer 6

James McKeen Cattell

Question 7

The psychologist who is credited with
coining the term “mental test”.

Answer 7

James McKeen Cattell

Question 8

He is credited with originating the concept of test reliability as well as building the mathematical framework for the statistical technique of factor analysis.

Answer 8

Charles Spearman

Question 9

He was the Frenchman who collaborated with Alfred Binet on papers suggesting how mental tests could be used to measure higher mental processes.

Answer 9

Victor Henri

Question 10

He was an early experimenter with the word association technique as a formal test.

Answer 10

Emil Kraeplin

Question 11

He received his Ph.D. from Leipzig and went on to succeed Cattell as director of the psychology laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania. Witmer is cited as the “little-known founder of clinical
psychology” (McReynolds, 1987), owing
at least in part to his being challenged to
treat a “chronic bad speller” in March of
1896.

Answer 11

Lightner Witmer

Question 12

He founded the first psychological clinic in the United States at the University of Pennsylvania on 1896.

Answer 12

Lightner Witmer

Question 13

In 1939, he is a clinical psychologist at Bellevue Hospital in New York City, introduced a test designed to measure adult intelligence.

Answer 13

David Wechsler

Question 14

Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, the
test was subsequently revised and
renamed as the:

Answer 14

Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale (WAIS).