Chapter 2 Flashcards
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ consists of specific learned norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs of a group Culture Doctrine Ethnology Civilization
Culture
Ethnocentricity can be defined as the ________.
scientific description of individual human societies
belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to that of others
merging of all ethnic practices into one homogeneous culture
systematic study of an ethnic group’s religious core
belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to that of others
Detailed knowledge about a culture that enables people to work happily and effectively within it is called ________.
cultural literacy
cultural imperialism
cultural divergence
cultural diffusion
cultural literacy
Business people seeking to understand more about another culture in order to successfully conduct business within that culture would be best advised to do which of the following?
rely on stereotypes, which are based on averages, to gain an understanding of the culture
observe the behavior of people who have gained respect within that cultural environment
avoid cultural research studies because they perpetuate unjustified stereotypes and behaviors
memorize the cultural variations that are typically encountered in a specific cultural environment
observe the behavior of people who have gained respect within that cultural environment
Which of the following is defined as a group of people who share a unique
way of life within a larger, dominant culture?
monoculture
cultural universal
macroculture
subculture
subculture
Which of the following is a cultural component that implies gauging the beauty and appeal of artwork? Customs Mores Folkways Aesthetics
Aesthetics
It is most accurate to say that within most nations' borders, people largely share such essential attributes as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. work attitudes; occupations education level; ethnicity lifestyles; education level values; language
values; language
Which of the following statements is true of attitudes?
Because they’re formed within a cultural context, they mirror the attitudes of surrounding countries.
They are developed only for the most important aspects of life.
They are learned from role models.
Over the years, they become more rigid than values.
They are learned from role models.
A(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is anything that represents a culture's way of life, including gestures, material objects, traditions, and concepts. cultural baggage cultural trait social structure social status
cultural trait
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is increasing the pace of both cultural diffusion and cultural change. Globalization Fundamentalism Enculturation Collectivism
Globalization
Cultural change occurs when people integrate into their culture the gestures, material objects, traditions, or concepts of another culture through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. social stratification cultural diffusion xenocentrism ethnocentrism
cultural diffusion
The French Government promotes the concept of ________ by building
museums and monuments to preserve the legacies of important events
and people.
Subculture
Popular culture
Monoculture
National culture
National culture
________ refers to the replacement of one culture’s traditions, folk
heroes, and artifacts with equivalents from another.
Social stratification
Cultural encoding
Social conditioning
Cultural imperialism
Cultural imperialism
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a system in which a supervisor walks an employee through every step of an assignment or task, monitoring the results at each stage. Social mobility Situational management Situational attribution Social stratification
Situational management
Folk customs that spread by cultural diffusion to other regions develop into
Superstitions
Trash culture
Traditions
Popular customs
Popular customs
Nepotism often prevails in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cultures. extended-family monotheistic nuclear family individualistic
extended-family
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to socially learned traits associated with, and expected of, men or women. Conformity Social mobility Gender Individualism
Gender
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the ability of individuals to move from one stratum of society to another. Socialization Hierarchical structure Social mobility Social Stratification
Social mobility
A caste system is a system of social stratification in which ________.
a person’s position in society depends upon his educational qualifications and achievements
a person’s social status is decided by his acquired wealth
people join highly exclusive associations that encourage external interaction
people are born into a social ranking, with no opportunity for social mobility
people are born into a social ranking, with no opportunity for social mobility
Which of the following is the most common form of social stratification in the world today? gender-based division language-based stratification class system racial segregation
class system
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is crucial in production facilities where nonnative managers supervise local employees. Language proficiency Individualism Ethnocentrism Cultural isolation
Language proficiency
Lingua franca means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. official language French language Latin language link language
link language
Reverse brain drain is the process by which ________.
companies in high-income countries hire people from low-income countries to fill white-collar positions
students from Europe choose to enroll themselves in American universities
professionals are lured back to their homeland
manual laborers migrate from low-income countries to high-income countries
professionals are lured back to their homeland
Religion ________.
is the overall framework that determines the roles of individuals within a society, the stratification of the society, and the individuals’ mobility within
the society
shapes the attitudes its adherents have toward work, consumption, individual responsibility, and planning for the future
is the exclusive means by which a society’s members communicate with each other
remains one of the least important elements of culture
shapes the attitudes its adherents have toward work, consumption, individual responsibility, and planning for the future
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is often used to measure the technological advancement of a nation's markets or industries. Trash culture Material culture Popular culture Vernacular culture
Material culture
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cultures value hard work and promote entrepreneurial risk taking. Collectivist Short-term oriented High uncertainty avoidance Individualist
Individualist
According to Hofstede's framework, people generally prefer little consultation between superiors and subordinates in cultures where \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is high. fatalism Power distance individualism self-actualization
Power distance
According to Hofstede’s framework, managers should be more precise in
their directions to subordinates when ________.
the society believes age equals wisdom
the company has a philosophy of geocentrism
power distance is low
uncertainty avoidance is high
uncertainty avoidance is high
The term "\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ culture" describes a country in which the norm is a money and things orientation and a belief that it's better to "live to work" than to "work to live." high-femininity high masculinity non-fatalistic physiological
high masculinity
According to Hofstede's framework, a culture that scores low on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ can change more rapidly because tradition and commitment are not impediments to change. masculinity individualism long-term orientation risk-taking
long-term orientation
