Chapter 2

Question 1

Moral relativism

Answer 1

a form of moral realism which says that morality is a legitimate enterprise and that there are actual moral dimensions or qualities in the world (i.e., morality isn’t just a “useful fiction”), but that morality is not universal.

Question 2

Cultural relativists

Answer 2

standard of measure should be what the majority of a society believes or practices

Question 3

Subjectivists (individual relativists)

Answer 3

say that the standard should be each individual’s moral code, regardless of what his society thinks of it.

Question 4

soft universalism

Answer 4

there are universal values that apply to everyone, regardless of culture or conscience, but the way in which these values are embodied or applied may differ from culture to culture.

Question 5

Hard universalism

Answer 5

maintains that ethical truths are very particular and specific in nature. For example, the concept that sex is only right in a monogamous, heterosexual relationship must be either true or false.