Chapter 2

Question 1

Propogation

Answer 1

Growth

need a specific host

Question 2

Animal Cell Culture

Answer 2

Continuous Cell Line

Immortal Cells

Question 3

Plaque

Answer 3

A clear area in host lawn

Contains Genetically Identical viral particles

Question 4

Differential Centrifugation

Answer 4

2-step centrifugation,
Low speed
High Speed

Question 5

Density Gradient Centrifugation

Answer 5

for further purification

Use a series of solutions at different concentrations

Question 6

Types of Density Gradient Centrifugation

Answer 6

Rate Zonal centrifugation

Equilibrium centrifugation

Question 7

Rate Zonal Centrifugation

Answer 7

lay viral prep on top of pre-formed gradient

Question 8

Equilibrium Centrifugation

Answer 8

Suspend virus in a solution of gradient materials

Question 9

Electron Microscopy

Answer 9

High magnification and resolution
Negative staining with heavy metal
High cost and low sensitivity

Question 10

Infectivity

Answer 10

Capacity of a virus to replicate in host cell

Question 11

CPE

Answer 11

Cytopathic Effect

Visible change in host cell due to viral infection

Question 12

Syncytium

Answer 12

cells fuse-> multinucleated cell

Question 13

Detect Viral Antigens

Answer 13

Direct and indirect method

Question 14

Hybridization

Answer 14

Detecting viral nucleic acid

Use labeled sequence-specific DNA probe

Question 15

Hybridization techniques

Answer 15

Southern blotting for DNA
Northern Blotting for RNA
in situ directly use thin section of tissue

Question 16

PCR

Answer 16

Polymerase Chain Reaction
Use viral specific primers to amplify viral DNA
for low number of copies

Question 17

RT-PCR

Answer 17

Revers Transcriptase PCR

Question 18

SDS-PAGE

Answer 18

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Elecrophoresis

Analysis of viral proteins

Question 19

Infectivity Assays

Answer 19

measure the titer of infective virus in a sample

Question 20

Plaque Assay

Answer 20

A quantitative assay to determine viral titer
plaque forming unit
also used to isolate and purify viruses

Question 21

Quantal Assay

Answer 21

Determine viral dose
ID50
LD50
TCID50
Look for CPE or other change

Question 22

One-Step Growth Curve

Answer 22

Adsorption
Latent(eclipse) period
Rise Period(burst)

Question 23

Burst size

Answer 23

Average Number of virions released from an infected cell

final viral titer/initial viral titer

Question 24

MOI

Answer 24

Multiplicity of Infection
# of virions/# of cells
helps to determine viral load