Chapter 2 Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space
What are the states of Matter
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma
What is the role of each state of matter
- Solid - Define shape & Volume
- Liquid - Defines Volume and changeable shape
- Gas - Changeable shape and volume.
Energy
Capacity to do work or put matter into motion
What Types of Energy is there?
2 Types,
- Kinetic
- Potential
What is the role of each energy
- Kinetic - Energy in action
2. Potential - Stored inactive energy
How many forms of Energy are there?
4
What are the 4 forms of energy?
- Chemical energy
- Electrical energy
- Mechanical energy
- Radiant or electromagnetic
Chemical Energy
Stored in bonds of chemical substance
Electrical Energy
Results from movement of charged particals
Mechanical Energy
Directly involved in moving matter
Radiant or Electromagnetic Energy
Exhibits wavelike properties (Ex. Visible light, ultraviolet light, and x-rays)
Energy Form Conversion
- Energy may be converted from one form to another
2. Conversion is inefficient because some energy is “lose” as heat
Composition if Matter
- elements
Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemicals means
each has unique properties
Physical properties
are detectable with our senses, or are measurable
Chemical properties
How atoms interact (bone) with one another
What is the unique building block for each element
Atoms
Atoms
Unique building blocks for each element
Atomic symbol
one- or two- letter chemical shorthand for each element
Neutrons
No Charge
Mass=1 atomic mass unit
Protons
Positive Charge
Mass=1 amu
Electrons orbit the nucleus
Equal in number to protons in atoms
Negative Charge
1/2000 the mass of a proton (0 amu)
I identifying Elements
Atoms of different elements contain different numbers of subatomic particles
Compare hydrogen helium and carbon.
Atomic number
Number of protons in nucleus
Mass number
Mass of the protons and neutrons
Mass numbers of atoms of an element are not all identical
Isotopes
Are structural variations of elements that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
Atomic weight
Average of mass numbers of all isotopes.
Radioisotops
Isotopes that spontaneous decay (radioactivity)
Similar chemistry to stable isotopes (Can make the same molecules)
Can be detected with scanner (PET scan)
Valuable tools for biological research and medicine
Cause damage to living tissue: Useful again localized Cancers
Randon from uranium decay causes Lung Cancer.
