Chapter 2

Question 1

structure

Answer 1

Building ideas together so that a complex program involves a simple set of smaller parts combined.

Question 2

coding

Answer 2

would then refer to filling in

the details of that design.

Question 3

syntax

Answer 3

The rules that determine what is allowed in a programming language. Syntax rules specify the basic vocabulary of the language and how programs can be constructed using things like loops, branches, and subroutines. A syntactically correct program is one that
can be successfully compiled or interpreted; programs that have syntax errors will be rejected
(hopefully with a useful error message that will help you fix the problem).

Question 4

semantics

Answer 4

Ensuring that the meaning of the results is correct or follows the logical assumptions of what the answer should be.

Question 5

pragmantics/style

Answer 5

ensuring that the design of a program visually makes sense to the user.

Question 6

subroutine call statement

Answer 6

It uses a “built-in subroutine”
named System.out.println to do the actual work. Recall that a subroutine consists of the
instructions for performing some task, chunked together and given a name. That name can be
used to “call” the subroutine whenever that task needs to be performed.

Question 7

built-in subroutine

Answer 7

is one that is already defined as part of the language and therefore automatically available for use in any program.

Question 8

comments

Answer 8

Comments in a program are entirely ignored by the computer; they are there for human readers only. // or starts with /* and ends with */

Question 9

class

Answer 9

Not every class is a program. In order to define a program, a class
must include a subroutine named main, with a definition that takes the form:

public static void main(String[] args) {
{ statements }
}

Question 10

public

Answer 10

used in the first line of main() means that the routine can be called from outside the program. This is essential because the main() routine is called by the Java interpreter,
which is something external to the program itself

Question 11

where is the subroutine located in a Java program?

Answer 11

between { and }.

Question 12

packages

Answer 12

A package is a group of classes.

Question 13

Class and file name rules

Answer 13

If the name of the class is HelloWorld, then the class must be saved in a file called HelloWorld.java

Question 14

identifiers

Answer 14

Identifiers can be used to name classes, variables, and subroutines. An identifier is a sequence of one or
more characters. It must begin with a letter or underscore and must consist entirely of letters,
digits, and underscores. No spaces are allowed in identifiers;

Question 15

reserve words

Answer 15

words reserved for special uses in Java that can’t be used as identifiers, such as:
class, public, static, if, else, while, and several dozen other words

Question 16

What character set does Java use?

Answer 16

Unicode

Question 17

compound names

Answer 17

which consist of several simple names separated by periods. (Compound names are also
called qualified names.) You’ve already seen an example: System.out.println. The idea
here is that things in Java can contain other things. A compound name is a kind of path to an
item through one or more levels of containment. The name System.out.println indicates that
something called “System” contains something called “out” which in turn contains something
called “println”.

Question 18

variable

Answer 18

a name used to refer to data stored into memory. Its a memory location of where the data is stored.

Question 19

strongly typed

Answer 19

means that Java strictly enforces holding the data type it was designed for and doesn’t allow you to change it.

Question 20

primitive types

Answer 20

The primitive types are named
byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean. The first four types hold integers
(whole numbers such as 17, -38477, and 0). The four integer types are distinguished by the
ranges of integers they can hold.

Question 21

float and double

Answer 21

types hold real numbers (such as 3.6 and

-145.99). Again, the two real types are distinguished by their range and accuracy.

Question 22

char

Answer 22

holds a single character from the Unicode character set.

Question 23

boolean

Answer 23

holds the logical values of true or false

Question 24

byte

Answer 24

a variable type that holds 8 bits, which can represent any of the integers between -128 and 127, inclusive.

Question 25

short

Answer 25

corresponds to two bytes (16 bits). Variables of type short have values in the range
-32768 to 32767.

Question 26

int

Answer 26

corresponds to four bytes (32 bits). Variables of type int have values in the range
-2147483648 to 2147483647.

Question 27

long

Answer 27

corresponds to eight bytes (64 bits). Variables of type long have values in the range
-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807.

Question 28

double

Answer 28

takes up 8 bytes, can range up to about 10 to the power 308, and has about
15 significant digits. Ordinarily, you should stick to the double type for real values.

Question 29

literals

Answer 29

constant values used in variables. Example of declaring a literal is ch = ‘A’; The single quote marks are used to declare constants

Question 30

tab

Answer 30

‘\t’ , using the escape character

Question 31

carriage return

Answer 31

‘\r’

Question 32

linefeed

Answer 32

‘\n’

Question 33

backslash

Answer 33

’\’

Question 34

How to express powers of 10?

Answer 34

“e12” and “e-108” represent powers of 10, so that

1.3e12 means 1.3 times 1012 and 12.3737e-108 means 12.3737 times 10−108.