Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Occlusion > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average condylar angle range?

A

Range from 22-65 degrees. An average value of 30 degrees is generally used on an average value articulator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When doing a restoration (e.g. crown), what must the incisal guidance be compatible with and why?

A

Must be compatible with the condylar angle or else pt will exhibit symptoms of dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Label image 2: Posselt’s diagram

A 
A: hinge axis position or RCP
G: ICP
R: rest position 
F: maximum protrusive point 
FE: anterior border of the envelope 
EB: maximum opening due to translation of the condyles down the distal face of the articular eminence. 
AB: opening due to rotation of the condyle in the articular fossa
GA: RCP to ICP slide 
RE: habitual opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the necessary thickness of articulating paper for when using on dentures?

A

200microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the necessary thickness of articulating paper for natural dentition?

A

8-20 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is ideal occlusion?

A

An occlusion which is in sync with thee other elements of the stomatognathic system namely:

  • Neuromuscular elements
  • TMJ structures
  • Teeth and supporting structures of the teeth.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the rules in occlusion? (4 points to state)

A
  1. Evenly distributed occlusal contacts in ICP- heavier contacts posteriorly, lighter contacts anteriorly
  2. Tripodisation of posterior tooth to tooth contacts
  3. Compatible anterior guidance facilitating posterior dissocclusion in mandibular excursions
  4. No working or non-working side inferences, allowing smooth mandibular excursions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In order to incorporate the rules in occlusion, which steps must be taken in clinic?

A

Good quality alginate impressions of the maxillary and mandibular casts.
Information gathering for articulation of the study models and duplicate models i.e. facebow transfer record and appropriate jaw registration.
Articulation of the maxillary and mandibular casts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why use facebow transfer to articulate maxillary casts?

A

A jaw registration in pre-RCP is taken at an increases vertical dimension to avoid posterior teeth contact, which may deviate the jaw. Therefore it is necessary to close the articulator through a distance equivalent to the thickness of the registration medium, so that teeth contact.
During this closure, the path followed by the articulator arm must be the same as the rotatory path of mandible.
If the axis of rotation of the articulator and the patient do not have the same spatial relationship to the teeth, this final closure on the articulator results in different tooth contact to that which occurs in the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the factors that influence appropriate jaw registration?

A

The number of teeth present.
The purpose of articulation
The type of complexity of restorations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is hand articulation of the casts appropriate?

A

If there are adequate number of teeth to facilitate stable ‘hand articulation’ then we do not need to use any media in between the teeth to register their relationship.
I.e. If there are enough teeth in the anterior and bilaterally posteriorly such that the maxillary and mandibular casts can be approximated without rocking, then the casts can be hand articulated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is interocclusal registration appropriate?

A

If casts cannot be hand articulated reliably, then a stable interocclusal recording medium (IORM) must be used. A stable IORM must be one which accurately transfer the record on to the articulator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should you do when there is a lack of teeth?

A

While registering inter arch relationship due to lack of teeth for hand articulation, a jaw registration block (bite block) with wax occlusal rim on self cure acrylic base must be used.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a squash bite and is it used in restorative dentistry?

A

In restorative dentistry, a squash bite has no role.
It is when multiple layers, block or roll of pink modelling wax is placed between the teeth and patient asked to bite down on it to give an impression of the bite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When taking interocclusal registration, is RCP or ICP recorded and why?

A

RCP is recorded for following reasons:

  • To study the occlusion- RCP to ICP slide
  • When it is the only reliable and reproducible jaw relationship
  • When you plan to increase the occlusal vertical dimension and reorganise the occlusion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you get pt into RCP?

A

Bimanual manipulation
Chin-point guidance
Using lucia jig
Occlusal splint therapy

17
Q

What are the indications for a new occlusal scheme?

A

When full mouth restorations are required.
When there is a need to create space by increasing the OVD.
To establish a reproducible occlusal relationship where one is missing.
Where there is a loss of posterior tooth support, as in a Kennedy class 1 or edentulous arch
When an unstable occlusion, as in severe TSL, must be restored.

18
Q

Why would you increase OVD?

A

To create space for placement of restorations anteriorly e.g. Dahl Appliance
To create space throughout mouth for occlusal restoration
Improve aesthetics.
Correct occlusal discrepancies.

19
Q

If there are adequate number of teeth, but you still decide to register the inter arch relationship, what would you use?

A

Use a lucia jig anteriorly, or Moyco extra hard beauty wax or silicone posteriorly.

20
Q

What are the advantages of the lucia jig?

A

The lucia jig promotes neuromuscular reprogramming of the masticatory system.
Stabilise the mandible without the interference of dental contacts.
Maintain the mandible in a harmonic relationship with the musculature in normal subjects or in patients with TMJ dysfunction (TMD)

21
Q

What kind of articulator is the image? And what are the benefits? (Image 3)

A 
This is an arcon articulator. 
It is semi-adjustable. 
Can alter: 
-	The TMJ to incisor distance 
-	Bennett angle 
-	Condylar angle 
-	Incisal guidance plane
22
Q

In what direction (horizontal or vertical) can the slide from RCP to ICP occur?

A

The RCP to ICP slide can be vertical and horizontal.

Restoration of cases with horizontal slide is more complex and must be referred to a specialist.

23
Q

What are the best steps to restore a full mouth?

A
  • Stabilisation of the jaw and posterior tooth relationships
  • Determination of the anterior guidance whilst maintaining posterior stability
  • Restoration of the anterior segment while maintaining posterior stability
  • Restoration of the posterior segments
24
Q

What are the reasons to create a diagnostic wax-ups?

A

To create ideal aesthetic and occlusal scheme
Then assess practicality
Patient education tool (and to get valid consent)
To produce templates/guide to construct definitive restorations.
Starting point
Prescribe to ‘golden proportion rules’
Ensure stable mutually protected occlusion

25
Q

What function does the incisal guidance table have?

A

Allows shape of palatal surface to be reproduced.

Allows length of incisors to be maintained.

26
Q

What are the features of ideal occlusion?

A

The coincidence of ICP in centric relation, when there is freedom for the mandible to move slighly forwards from that occlusion in the same sagittal and horizontal plane.
When mandible moves, there is immediate and lasting posterior disocclusion.
The occlusion is in sync with all the elements of the stomatognathic system- occlusal forces are transmitted along the long axis of the tooth.

27
Q

What is excessive occlusal force?

A

Occlusal force that exceeds the reparative capacity of the periodontal attachment apparatus, which results in occlusal trauma and/or causes excessive tooth wear.

28
Q

What features of alveolar bone make it susceptible to resorption etc.?

A

Alveolar bone is a dynamic tissue, continually forming and resorbing in response to functional requirements. In addition to such local response to needs, bone metabolism is under hormonal control. It is easily resorbed under the influence of inflammatory mediators at either the periapex or the marginal attachment.

29
Q

In health, where does the crest of the alveolus lie?

A

In health, the crest of the alveolus lies about 2mm apical to CEJ.

30
Q

What is occlusal trauma?

A

It is a term used to describe injury resulting in tissue changes within the attachment apparatus, including periodontal ligament, supporting alveolar bone and cementum, as a result of occlusal forces.

31
Q

When may occlusal trauma occur?

A

Occlusal trauma may occur in an intact periodontium or in a reduced periodontium caused by periodontal disease.

32
Q

How can occlusal trauma be diagnosed?

A

Based on histologic changes in the periodontium, therefore a definitive diagnosis of occlusal trauma isn’t possible without block section biopsy (cannot do in clinical practice). For this reason, clinical and radiographic indicators are used as surrogates to assist the presumptive diagnosis of occlusal trauma.

33
Q

What are clinical indicators of presumptive diagnosis of occlusal trauma?

A

Progressive:

  • Tooth mobility
  • Fremitus (vibration or movement of a tooth when teeth come to contact together)
  • Occlusal discrepencies/disharmonies
  • Wear facets
  • Tooth migration
  • Tooth fracture
  • Thermal sensitivity
  • Discomfort or pain on chewing
  • Root resorption
  • Cemental tear
  • Widening of the periodontal ligament space on radiographs
34
Q

With the indicators mentioned above, why is discretion required?

A

These clinical symptoms may indicate other pathoses; therefore may not strictly indicate occlusal trauma- discretion is required as always with clinical diagnosis.
For instance, loss of clinical attachment can affect the severity of mobility. Wear facets may be due to functional occlusal contacts rather than parafunctional habits such as bruxism.
Differential diagnosis should be established and supplementary diagnostic tests such as sensibility tests must be undertaken.

35
Q

Distinct zones of tension and pressure are seen within the periodontium, the location and severity are based on what 2 factors?

A

The location and severity of the lesions vary based on the magnitude and direction of applied forces.

36
Q

What changes can be seen on the pressure side of the periodontium?

A
  • Increased vascularisation and permeability
  • Hyalinisation/necrosis of the PDL
  • Haemorrhage
  • Thrombosis
  • Bone resorption
  • Root resorption and cemental tears.

Occlusion (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions