Chapter 2-

Question 1

Florence Nightingale (1820 to 1910)
o

Answer 1

Credited with establishing 􏲤modern nursing􏲥
o Concern for environmental determinants of health
o Emphasis on sanitation, community assessment, and analysis
o Use of graphically depicted statistics and comparable census data o Political advocate
o Education reform for nurses

Question 2

􏲹 Lillian Wald (1867 to 1940)

Answer 2

o Established House on Henry Street in 1893 (along with Mary Brewster)
o Played an important role in establishing public health nursing in the United States􏲒later called
􏲤Visiting Nurses Association of NYC􏲥
o Role of Henry Street Settlement was 􏲤one of helping people to help themselves􏲥 (Wald, 1871).
o The Children􏱚s Bureau and the Social Security Act Legislation formed as a result of these efforts.

Question 3

John Snow

Answer 3

o demonstrated the transmission of cholera via the public water source. o Used epidemiological approach: agent, host, and environment

Question 4

Endemic

Answer 4

Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and pneumonia)

Question 5

Epidemic

Answer 5

Diseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles)

Question 6

Pandemic

Answer 6

The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population—a global epidemic (e.g., HIV, AIDS, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A)