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Meteorology Exam 1 (CH 1, 2, and 3) > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Atmosphere

A

Thin layer of gases and tiny particles that envelopes the globe

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2
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Living organisms convert food to energy to fuel life processes

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3
Q

Differentiation

A

Separation of earth into layers based on density of material

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4
Q

Outgassing

A

Principal course of Earths atmosphere, release of gases from rock through volcanic eruptions and the planets rocky surface when meteorites strike

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5
Q

Outgassing primarily releases

A

Carbon dioxide nitrogen and water vapor

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6
Q

Homosphere

A

Lower atmosphere, maintains uniform ratio of gases

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7
Q

Heterosphere

A

Above 80km of atmosphere, separates gases by weight

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8
Q

Top 12 gases that compose dry air in lower atmosphere (most to least)

A 
Nitrogen
Oxygen 
Argon 
Carbon dioxide 
Neon 
Helium 
Methane 
Krypton 
Nitrous oxide 
Hydrogen 
Xenon 
Ozone
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9
Q

Scientific models

A

Approximations or simulations of real systems

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10
Q

Conceptual model and example

A

Statement of a fundamental law or relationship

Ex. Geographic wind model

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11
Q

Graphical model and example

A

Displays data in format that readily conveys meaning

Ex. Weather map

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12
Q

Physical model and example

A

Miniaturized version of a system

Ex. Tornado vortex model

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13
Q

Photochemical smog

A

Mixture of aerosols and gases including ozone and nitrogen generated in presence of sunlight

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14
Q

Radiosondes

A

Typically measures measures temp, dew point and pressure

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15
Q

Rawinsode

A

Upper air sounding that includes wind speed and direction data determined by GPS tracking antenna

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16
Q

Sounding

A

Vertical profile of air temperature, pressure and dew point

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17
Q

Dropsonde

A

Similar to rawinsonde, but dropped from air craft

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18
Q

Dropwindsonde

A

A dropsonde typically tracked via GPS to provide wind speed and direction data . Deployed as “hurricane hunter” aircraft

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19
Q

As you go up the earth’s surface,

A

Density of oxygen molecules decreases

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20
Q

Atmospheric layers in order from bottom to top

A 
Troposphere 
Tropopause 
Stratosphere 
Stratopause 
Mesosphere 
Mesopause 
Thermosphere
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21
Q

Lowest layer in atmosphere

A

Troposphere

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22
Q

Most oxygen in this layer

A

Troposphere

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23
Q

Weather occurs in this layer

A

Troposphere

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24
Q

Temperature decreases with altitude on this layer

A

Troposphere

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25
50 km from troposphere
Stratosphere
26
Isothermal (constant temp) in lower part of this layer
Stratosphere
27
Ozone layer is in this layer
Stratosphere
28
Temperature increases with altitude to the top of this layer
Stratosphere
29
Why does temperature increase with altitude in stratosphere
Because the ozone layer concentrated in the layer traps heat
30
80 km from stratosphere
Mesosphere
31
Temperature decreases with increasing altitude in this layer
Mesosphere
32
Why does temperature decrease with increasing altitude in the mesosphere
Because there are no gasses to trap heat
33
Lowest average temperature In atmosphere and is Transition zone after mesosphere
Mesopause
34
Temperatures are constant or isothermal, and then initially rise rapidly in this layer
Thermosphere
35
This layer is sensitive to incoming solar radiation and is more variable (not always the same)
Thermosphere
36
This layer is located in the thermosphere and is highly concentrated in ions and electrons
Ionosphere
37
What causes highly concentrated ions and electrons in ionosphere, what charge does it leave
Solar energy stripping electrons from oxygen and nitrogen, leaving positive charge
38
Photosynthesis
Use of light energy from sun to combine carbon dioxide of the atmosphere with water to produce glucose and release oxygen as a by product
39
Components Earth system atmosphere is
Hydrosphere (bodies of water ) Geo sphere (rocks minerals soil ) Biosphere (plants, animals )
40
The atmosphere protects organisms from
Exposure of hazardous levels of solar ultraviolet radiation
41
Processes Necessary for life made possible by the gasses in atmosphere
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
42
The atmosphere supplies —- for all forms of life
Water
43
Earth and is. And entire solar system eveloved from this immense rotating cloud of cosmic dust, ice and gases
Nebula
44
The green house effect is when
Water vapor and clouds close the escape of earths heat to space, elevating the temperature of the lower atmosphere
45
Carbon dioxide slows
The escape of earths heat to space and raised temperature
46
Cooling of the Earth caused
Water vapor in atmosphere to condense to clouds, producing rain
47
Air pollutant
Gas or aerosol in atmosphere at concentration that threatens life on earth or disrupt function of the environment
48
The Earths surface continued to cool from —— and rain cause
Evaporation of the ocean and rain caused decline in concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere
49
Aerosols
Minute liquid and solid particles in earths atmosphere
50
Remote sensing
Measurement of environmental conditions by processing signals either emitted by an object or reflected back to a signal source
51
Aurora
Appear in night sky as visual display of overlapping curtains of green white light
52
Solar wind
Stream of high speed, electrically charged subatomic particles, emanates from coronal ho,ex on the sun and travels through space at high speed
53
Chief gaseous components of homosphere
Nitrogen and oxygen
54
Where do most aerosols occur
In lower atmosphere
55
Where are aerosols derived from
Wind erosion of soil. Ocean spray, forest fires, volcanic eruptions and industrial, agricultural activity
56
These two absorb and emit infrared radiation, elevating the temperature of lower atmosphere that makes life on earth possible
Water vapor and carbon dioxide
57
Some aerosols
promote development of clouds
58
Some aerosols affect climate by
Interacting with incoming solar radiation
59
Example of secondary air pollutant (chemical reactions involving primary air pollutants
Photochemical smog
60
One weakness of scientific method
Lack of creativity
61
Why is stratosphere ideal for aircraft
It is above weather, offering good visibility and smooth flying conditions
62
Why do pollutants persist longer in lower stratosphere
Because there is little air exchanged between troposphere and stratosphere
63
Radio waves are reflected in this layer, important for conventional long distance radio transmission
Ionosphere
64
This layer is the Site of the aurora
Ionosphere
65
What triggers an aurora
Solar wind

Meteorology Exam 1 (CH 1, 2, and 3) (3 decks)

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