Chapter 2

Question 1

Observation

Answer 1

is a piece of information we gather using our 5 sentences

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

a testable idea or explanation

Question 3

Prediction

Answer 3

to test their hypothesis the students make

Question 4

Experiment

Answer 4

is a procedure designed to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions

Question 5

Variable

Answer 5

factor of interest which in our example would be the level of phosphate in the water

Question 6

Experimental group

Answer 6

group that does receive the experimental treatment

Question 7

Control group

Answer 7

group that does not receive the experimental treatment

Question 8

Data

Answer 8

The information that a scientist gathers during a experiment

Question 9

Correlation

Answer 9

to answer questions is impossible or unethical, scientists test predictions

Question 10

Statistics

Answer 10

is the collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers

Question 11

mean

Answer 11

is the number obtained by adding the data for a a characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals

Question 12

Distribution

Answer 12

is a relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population

Question 13

Probability

Answer 13

the chance that something will happen

Question 14

Sample

Answer 14

is a group of individuals or events selected to represent the population

Question 15

Risk

Answer 15

is a probability of an unwanted outcome

Question 16

Model

Answer 16

are representations of objects or systems

Question 17

Conceptual Model

Answer 17

is a verbal or graphical explanation of how a system works or is organized

Question 18

Mathematical Model

Answer 18

is one or more equations that represents the way a system or process works

Question 19

Value

Answer 19

are principles or standards we consider important

Question 20

Decision-making model

Answer 20

is a conceptual model that provides a systematic process for making decisions