Chapter 2

Question 1

association for psychological science (aps)

Answer 1

• formed in 1988
• goals:
  1. advance psych discipline
  2. preserve scientific base
  3. promote public understanding of the field and its application

Question 2

behavior therapy

Answer 2

framework for treating disorders based on principles of conditioning by focusing on observable behavior

Question 3

behavioral assessment

Answer 3

an approach to understanding/changing behavior by identifying the context in which it occurs

Question 4

brief (time-effective) therapy

Answer 4

therapy consisting of 15 or fewer sessions

Question 5

community psychology

Answer 5

psych speciality focusing on prevention and treatment of mental health problems among underserved groups

Question 6

eclectics

Answer 6

clinicians who use multiple theoretical techniques

Question 7

etiological

Answer 7

casual; ex. an etiological factor for depression is believed to contribute to its onset

Question 8

g

Answer 8

a term introduced by Spearman to describe the general factor of intelligence

Question 9

guidance clinics

Answer 9

clinics devoted to the evaluation and treatment of children’s intellectual and behavioral difficultites

Question 10

health psychology

Answer 10

psych speciality focusing on prevention of illness, promotion/maintenance of good health, and psych treatment of individuals w/ diagnosed medical conditions

Question 11

manualized treatment

Answer 11

treatment that is presented and described in a manual format (outline)

Question 12

measurement of intelligence

Answer 12

the use of tests to measure various mental capacities

Question 13

mental tests

Answer 13

term coined by James Cattell to describe his measures of individual differences in reaction time

Question 14

neuropsychological assessment

Answer 14

assessment approach based on empirically established brain-behavior relationships that evaluate a person’s relative strength/weakness across a number of areas

Question 15

objective measures

Answer 15

psych test that draw conclusions about people on the basis of their responses to unambiguous stimuli (rating scales/questionnaires); nomothetic approach (generalizing)

Question 16

personality disorders

Answer 16

enduring and maladaptive patterns of experience and behavior that emerge by adolescence (ex. paranoid, antisocial, dependent)

Question 17

personality testing

Answer 17

the use of measures or techniques to provide insight into enduring characteristics or traits

Question 18

play therapy

Answer 18

technique derived from traditional freudian principles that use expressive play to release anxiety or hostility (curative effect)

Question 19

projective echniques

Answer 19

psych testing techniques (Rorschach/Thematic Apperception) that use people’s responses to ambiguous stimuli to make judgements about their personality traits

Question 20

psychoanalysis

Answer 20

framework for understanding and treating mental illness based on Breuer and Freud in late 1800s

Question 21

psychodiagnosis

Answer 21

the use and interpretation of psychological test scores for the purposes of diagnoses and treatment planning

Question 22

psychotherapy research

Answer 22

research that evaluates the effectiveness of therapy

Question 23

radical behaviorism

Answer 23

movement in psychology that began in the late 1950s that asserted that only overt behaviors could be measured

Question 24

scientist-practitioner model

Answer 24

the principal model for clinical psychology training (aka Boulder model) - strives to produce professionals who can effectively integrate the roles of a scientist and practitioner

Question 25

structured diagnostic interviews

Answer 25

a class of assessment tools which consist of questions keyed to diagnostic criteria (structured means the interviewer asks the interviewees the same questions in the same order and score them in a standard way)

Question 26

systematic desensitization

Answer 26

behavioral technique for the treatment of anxiety disorders in which patients practice relaxation while visualizing anxiety-provoking situations of increasing intensity