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Ultrasound physics - Book questions > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Electromagnetic waves

a) do not transfer energy
b) cannot propagate through a medium
c) include sound waves
d. none of the above

A

D

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2
Q

Mechanical waves must have a _____________ to propagate.

A

medium

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3
Q

Sound is an ___________ wave.

A

mechanical

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4
Q

All wave transport _______________.

A

energy

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5
Q

A mechanical wave implies an interaction between the wave and the ___________.

A

medium

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6
Q

If a wave needs a medium to propagate it is an ______________ wave

A

mechanical

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7
Q

If a wave does not need a medium to propagate it is an ___________ wave.

A

electromagnetic

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8
Q

Which is the following is not an example of an electromagnetic wave ? (more than one can apply)

a. x-rays
b. light
c. sounds
d. heat
e. television signals

A

c

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9
Q

All waves are an _________________ transfer most often through cyclical variations.

a. particle
b. energy
c. voltage
d. temperature

A

b

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10
Q

The naming of waves as mechanical is due to the physical interaction between the wave and the medium. The interaction produces 4 specific possible changes called ______________ variables

1)
2)
3)
4)

A

acoustic

pressure
density
temperature
distance

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11
Q

All of the following are acceptable units of pressure except :

a. Pascal
b. lb/in^2
c. kg/m^2
d. lb/ft
e. atm
f. mmHg

A

d

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12
Q

Density is defined as

a. mass/volume : kg/m^3
b. mass/volume : kg/m^2
c. volume/mass : m^3/kg
d. mass x volume : m^3kg

A

a

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13
Q

Sound is a ___________ , ____________ wave.

a. longitudinal, electromagnetic
b. longitudinal, mechanical
c. transverse, electromagnetic
d. transverse, mechanical

A

b

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14
Q

For a longitudinal wave, the energy is transported by a series of _______ and _________ of the medium particles.

A

compressions and rarefactions

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15
Q

Repetitious wave are a ________ transfer of ______________.

A

cyclical

energy

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16
Q

Cyclical means

a. periodic or repetitive
b. in a circle
c. linear

A

a.

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17
Q

The major classifications of waves are ________ and _________.

A

electromagnetic

mechanical

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18
Q

Examples of electromagnetic waves are

a. TV, microwave and sound
b. music, ultrasound and ocean waves
c. x-rays , light and microwaves

A

c

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19
Q

A _________ wave needs a medium to propagate.

A

mechanical

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20
Q

A vacuum is the absence of a _________

A

medium

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21
Q

Two classifications of mechanical waves are _______ and ___________

A

transverse

longitudinal

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22
Q

In a __________ wave, particle motion is perpendicular or transverse to the wave direction

A

transverse

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23
Q

In a ____________ wave, the particle motion is back and forth in the same direction as the wave propagation.

A

longitudinal

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24
Q

Sounds is a ____________, mechanical wave.

A

longitudinal

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25
Q

A longitudinal wave has areas of ___________ and compression

A

rarefaction

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26
Q

An area of _____________ is where the particles are father apart than the normal state

A

rarefaction

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27
Q

___________ is a way of specifying how fast a wave is cyclically varying.

A

frequency

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28
Q

The unit of frequency is ___________ , which is an abbreviation for cycle per __________.

A

hertz, second

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29
Q

Frequency has units which are the inverse of _______, or one divided by ____________, also called Hz.

A

time, second

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30
Q

The number of times a longitudinal wave reaches maximum compression and rarefaction per time is called the __________.

A

frequency

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31
Q

The reciprocal of frequency is the __________.

A

period

32
Q

The period has units of ______

A

time

33
Q

The __________ is the time between cycles of peak compression in a longitudinal wave, such as sound.

A

period

34
Q

Frequency and period are ___________.

A

reciprocals

35
Q

Hertz and __________ (or seconds) are inversely related.

A

time

36
Q

A shorter period means a higher _________.

A

frequency

37
Q

The _________ is the physical measure of distance between wave peaks (maximum) or similar wave.

A

wavelength

38
Q

Wavelength is a measure of _________ and therefore in the metric system has units of __________.

A

distance, meters

39
Q

Frequency and ___________ are related through the wave propagation velocity.

A

wavelength

40
Q

The propagation _____________ has units of meters/sec

A

velocity

41
Q

The ______ ___________ is a measure of how fast a wave will travel.

A

propagation velocity

42
Q

The propagation velocity equals the frequency times the ________-

A

wavelength

43
Q

Frequency and wavelength have an _____________relationship

A

inverse

44
Q

If the propagation velocity changes and the frequency is not changed the ________ must change.

A

wavelength

45
Q

The _______ of a signal is a measure of how big or loud it is.

A

amplitude

46
Q

The _________ = maximum+ minimum /2

A

amplitude

47
Q

The difference between the maximum and the mean is the as the difference between the mean and the ____________

A

minimum

48
Q

If the _________ of an ultrasound echo increases, the B-mode image will get brighter.

A

amplitude

49
Q

If the _________ of a Doppler echo __________-, the Doppler audio will get louder.

A

amplitude,

increases

50
Q

Amplitude is used to measure any wave variable. For sound waves, the units of amplitude will be any measure of the 4 __________ variables.

A

acoustic

51
Q

For electrical waves, __________ is used to measure any wave parameters of electric variables such as voltage.

A

amplitude

52
Q

Some possible units of _________ are Pascals, degrees celcius , meters, kg/m^3

A

amplitude

53
Q

A change within the ___________ caused by a wave is called a variable.

A

medium

54
Q

For an acoustic wave, the changes caused to the medium are called _________ variables.

A

acoustic

55
Q

Units of _____________ are : Pascals , Atm, mmHg, kg/m^2, lbs/in^2

A

pressure

56
Q

Units of _________ are : meters, feet, miles, yards , etc.

A

distance

57
Q

Units of ______ are masse/volume such as kg/m^3 and lbs/ft^3

A

density

58
Q

Changes in acoustic variables are the results of the mechanical interaction of the acoustic wave and the ________

A

medium

59
Q

What is the frequency in Hertz, of something that occurs 60 times in 1 minute

A

1 hz

60
Q

What is the frequency in hertz, of something that occurs 60 times in 0.1 sec ?

A

600 hz

61
Q

What is the frequency in Hertz of something that occurs 60 times in 1 hour ?

A

1/60 hz

62
Q

What determines the frequency of operation for ultrasound ?

a. medium
b. pulser
c. patient
d. wavelength

A

b

63
Q

How much will the frequency change if the propagation velocity changes by the factor of 2 ?

A

Frequency will not change.

Frequency is det. by the source and not the medium

64
Q

If the frequency is 1 MHz, what is the period?

A

1 micro sec

65
Q

If the period is 0.5 microsec , what is the frequency ?

A

2 MHZ

66
Q

Which 2 of the following give the same information ?

a. frequency = 10 kHZ
b. frequency = 3kHZ
c. period = 0.1 msec
d. period = 10 ksec

A

a+ c

67
Q

What determines the period for ultrasound ?

a. medium
b. pulser
c. patient
d. wavelength

A

b.

68
Q

How much will the period change if the propagation velocity changes by a factor of 2?

A

The period will not change

69
Q

If ultrasound travels 662 meters through air in 2 seconds, what is the propagation velocity of sound in air in m/sec?

A

331 m/s

70
Q

How far can a car travel in 2 hours driving at 60 mph?

A

120 miles

71
Q

How far can an ultrasound beam travel in soft tissue in 1 second ?

A

1540 m

72
Q

How long would it take a car travelling 30 mph to travel 45 miles ?

A

1.5 hour

73
Q

How long would it take ultrasound in soft tissue to travel to a target 1cm deep and back to the transducer ?

A

13 micro second

74
Q

The speed of sound

a. changes with frequency
b. change with period
c. depends on inertia and elasticity of medium

A

c

75
Q

The wavelength has units of

a. time
b. events/time
c. distance/time
d. distance

A

d

76
Q

If the propagation velocity is unchanged but the frequency changes , the wavelength

a. will change
b. will remain constant
c. cant be determined

A

a

77
Q

If the frequency is unchanged but the propagation velocity changes, the wavelength

a. changes
b. remain constant
c. cant be determined

A

a

Ultrasound physics - Book questions (11 decks)

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