Chapter 2 Flashcards
Animism
everything in nature is alive
Anthropomorphism
human attributes given to nature
What did early human believe dreaming was?
Spirits temporary leaving body
What is the concept of whatever you imagine is real?
logical faultily (rectification)
Cosmologists
want to know the substance of the universe
Who was the 1st philosopher ?
Thales
What was Thales physis
Water
Did Thales believe in super natural?
No one of the 1st to look into the natural world
What was Anaximander Physis?
He believed the boundless and the limitless
Who believe we arose from fish?
Anaximander
What was Heraclitus physis?
Fire
What did Heraclitus believe?
” it is impossible to step twice into the same river “
everything is always changing
Who said “ nothing is , everything is becoming “
Heraclitus
Who believed change was illusion
Parmenides
What was Parmenides true reality?
it was motionless,infinite
Is Pythagoras a dualist?
yes
What was Pythagoras belief ?
He believed that everything can be explained by math and numerical
Pythagoras world of numbers consist of ?
it was perfect, real permanent,
Pythagoras observable world consist of ?
changing . explanation via senses
Empedocles believed world was form in what four parts?
earth, fire, wind, water
Who believed the world was made up of atoms?
Democritus
Who were two founders of Greek medicine
Alcmaeon and Hippocrates
How did Alcmaeon treat his patients?
He treated them with opposites
if your hot then you would get a cold press
Who believed all disease of mental and physical were of natural causes ?
Hippocrates
Black Bile
Earth
Yellow Bile
Air
Blood
Fire
Phlegm
Water
What did the sophists want to find?
what can humans know and how can they know it
Protagoras
“man never steps in the same river once”
to understand what person believes have to understand there experiences
Which sophists believed in human concerns ?
Protagoras
Who created Nihilism ?
Gorgias
Who believed” all things are equally true” ?
Gorgias
Nihilism
no objective way of determining the truth
Solipsism
Self can only be aware of its experiences and mental
Who created the Essence
Socrates
Essence
indispensable characteristic of thing that gives it identity
inductive definitions
individuals example of concept to see what they had in common
Who created theory of form?
Plato
Theory of form
everything in empirical world is a manifestation of an idea
Reminiscence theory of knowledge
forms cannot be known through observations. But we know them through our souls since we used to live with them
What were Platos three souls
rational
emotional
appetite
Was plato a rationalist?
Yes, logical and mental operations gain knowledge
how did Aristotle gain his knowledge
through the sensory world
Teleology
belief that nature is purposive
What did Aristotle believe
that essence can be know by studying nature
Aristotle believed to know anything we must understand four aspects of
Material cause
Formal cause(structure)
Efficient cause
Final Cause
