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Book 2 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Wht is contained in a DHCP scope?

A

The IP address pool

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2
Q

What are the four kinds of DHCP packets transmitted when assigning a client an IP address?

A

DHCPDISCOVER: Broadcasted by client initially
DHCPOFFER: Suggested IP configuration sent by server
DHCPREQUEST: Sent by client to accept offer
DHCPACK: Sent by server to client to confirm

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3
Q

What information in the DHCPREQUEST packet allows multiple DHCP servers to determine which one is handling a client request?

A

The server identifier

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4
Q

When does a client try to renew its DHCP lease so it does not lose connectivity?

A

50% through the lease time, it contacts its DHCP server
If it receives no response, it sends a broadcast 87.5% through the lease time
If it still cannot renew after its lease expires, it goes into DHCP discovery mode

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5
Q

What DHCP packets are sent during a lease renewal?

A

Only DHCPREQUEST and DHCPACK, broadcast is not needed since it knows which server to communicate with

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6
Q

How does a client try to renew its DHCP lease during startup?

A

If it cannot contact its DHCP server, it contacts its configured default gateway
If that cannot be reached, it assumes it has swithced subnets and goes into DHCP discovery mode

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7
Q

What kind of Windows Server cannot use the DHCP role?

A

Nano Server

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8
Q

How do you install DHCP server using PowerShell?

A

Add-WindowsFeature DHCP -IncludeManagementTools

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9
Q

What tasks does the DHCP Post-Install Configuration Wizard perform?

A

Creates the DHCP Administrators and DHCP Users security groups in AD to enable delegation of DHCP server administration
Authorizes the DHCP server role if the computer is domain-joined

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10
Q

How can you authorize a DHCP server without using the Post-Install Configuration Wizard?

A

Right-click the DHCP server in the DHCP console and select “Authorize,” or run the Add-DhcpServerInDC cmdlet

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11
Q

What DHCP scope settings can be changed after it is created?

A

The IP address range and DHCP exclusions

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12
Q

From where does DHCP automatically pull the Parent Domain Value when creating a scope?

A

The DHCP server’s domain membership or primary DNS suffix

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13
Q

Which PowerShell cmdlet is used to create a DHCP scope?

A

Add-DhcpServerV4Scope

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14
Q

What are DHCP superscopes used for?

A

Supporting multinets: multiple logical networks or subnets on a single physical network
Useful for mitigating address pool depletion, migrating clients to new scopes, or running multiple DHCP servers for different subnets

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15
Q

What is a MADCAP scope?

A

Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol, used to support apps that communicate with multicast

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16
Q

What is the IP address range for multicast communication?

A

Class D, 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 or 224.0.0.0/3

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17
Q

How do you add a scope to a superscope?

A

From the DHCP console, right-click the scope and select “Add To Superscope”

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18
Q

What are two ways to view a client’s MAC address?

A

Use ipconfig /all, or use arp -a to see all IP addresses and their MACs

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19
Q

Without options, what is the only information provided by DHCP to a client?

A

IP address and subnet mask

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20
Q

What are the four different DHCP configuration levels where you can customize DHCP options?

A

Server, scope, class, and reserved client

Each one of these overrides the preceeding one

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21
Q

Which PowerShell cmdlet is used to configure DHCP server options?

A

Set-DhcpServer4OptionValue

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22
Q

Where can DHCP classes be defined?

A

For an IPv4 node, not for servers and scopes, and not for IPv6

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23
Q

How is class membership determined?

A

The client sends a class ID in its DHCPREQUEST message

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24
Q

How can a class ID be manually set on a client?

A

ipconfig /setclassid “network adapter here” IDNAMEHERE

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25
Q

By default, how are DNS records automatically updated?

A

The DHCP client updates the record itself, and the DHCP server deletes the A and PTR records when the lease expires

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26
Q

What feature helps protect a DNS zone from incorrect or insecure updates?

A

Name Protection

27
Q

What must be configured on a DNS zone for Name Protection to work?

A

Secure Dynamic Updates

28
Q

Which PowerShell cmdlet creates DHCP policies?

A

Add-DhcpServerV4Policy

29
Q

What are the three ways IPv6 nodes obtain their configuration?

A

Stateless: Obtains only a router prefix from the router advertisements
Stateful: Obtains addresses and other options from a DHCPv6 server
Both

30
Q

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6 in how they communicate to receive DHCP settings?

A

IPv4 sends to broadcast addresses, while IPv6 sends to multicast addresses

31
Q

How do IPv6 clients choolse from multiple DHCPv6 servers?

A

They select the one with the highest preference value

If multiple offers have the same preference value, it will pick the one with the most options

32
Q

What is the default DHCPv6 lease duration?

A

8 days

33
Q

What DHCP function allows for passing DHCP broadcasts across subnet boundaries?

A

DHCP Relay Agent

34
Q

How is the DHCP Relay Agent installed on Windows Server?

A

As part of the LAN Routing Role Service in the Remote Access Server role, NOT in the DHCP Server role

35
Q

What changes must be made to run both DHCP and Windows Deployment Services on the same server?

A

You must change DHCP options 60, 66, and 67 so the UDP ports are not conflicting
Option 60 must be changed through netsh

36
Q

Which PowerShell cmdlets are used to export and import configuration for DHCP server?

A

Export-DhcpServer and Import-DhcpServer

37
Q

What are the three high-availability options for DHCP server?

A

Clustered servers with shared storage
Split scopes
Replication to a failover server

38
Q

How can you configure DHCP split scopes?

A

Use the DHCP Split-Scope Configuration Wizard

39
Q

How many servers can be configured for DHCP failover?

A

Only 2

40
Q

What functionality is not supported with DHCP failover?

A

IPv6 scopes

41
Q

What are the two modes for DHCP failover?

A

Load sharing: Both servers lease configurations determined by a load distribution ratio
Hot standby: A primary server serves requests unless it fails over to a secondary

42
Q

What type of DHCP failover is recommended for multi-site installations?

A

Hot standby, although TCP port 647 must be opened to transmit failover messages through firewalls

43
Q

In a DHCP failover configuration, what setting determines how long a secondary server must wait before taking over a scope, and what is its default value?

A

Maximum Client Lead Time, 1 hour

44
Q

By default, what percentage of addresses are reserved by the secondary DHCP server while it waits for the MCLT to expire?

A

5%

45
Q

In a DHCP failover configuration, what setting determines when a server automatically marks its partner as down, and what is its default value?

A

State Switchover Interval

46
Q

In a DHCP failover configuration, what settings can be enabled to secure communications between servers?

A

Enable Message Authentication and Shared Secret

47
Q

Which PowerShell cmdlet is used to configure DHCP failover?

A

Add-DhcpServer4Failover

48
Q

Which PowerShell cmdlet is used to trigger DHCP scope replication?

A

Invoke-DhcpServer4FailoverReplication

49
Q

Where are DHCP database files stored?

A

%systemroot%\System32\dhcp

50
Q

What kinds of files make of up the DHCP database?

A

dhcp. mdb - The main file
tmp. edb - Temp working file
j50. log - Log file, increments number
j50. chk - Checkpoint file, determines when logs are committed to database
j50res00001. jrs - Reserved file to use if running out of disk space, also

51
Q

What information is stored in a DHCP database backup?

A

Scopes, reservations, active leases, server options, anything stored in the registry

52
Q

How often is the DHCP database automatically backed up?

A

Every hour

53
Q

How can you change the backup interval for DHCP?

A

Change BackupInterval in HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\DHCPServer\Parameters

54
Q

Where are DHCP backups saved by default?

A

%systemroot%\System32\dhcp\backup

55
Q

How can you manually initiate a DHCP backup?

A

Right-click a DHCP server and select “Backup…” or run the Backup-DhcpServer cmdlet

56
Q

How do you restore a DHCP backup?

A

Right-click a DHCP server and select “Restore…” or run the Restore-DhcpServer cmdlet

57
Q

What is the most likely cause and resolution when a DHCP server fails to start?

A

Database is corrupted, try restoring from backup

58
Q

What is the most likely cause and resolution when a DHCP server fails to issue leases?

A

DHCP service failure, or insufficient IP addresses in the pool
Verify service is running, sufficient IP addresses available, and that DHCP relay is running for clients in other subnets

59
Q

What is the most likely cause and resolution for client address conflicts?

A

Another service is providing DHCP, overlapping scopes in the same subnet, static address
Locate interfering network devices, check address pools for overlaps, replace static addresses with reservations

60
Q

What is the most likely cause and resolution for client cannot get a lease and is using APIPA?

A

DHCP service failure, insufficient IP addresses in pool, client in subnet without DHCP server, physical network issues
Verify service is running, sufficient addresses in pool, subnet has DHCP relay, and physical connection

61
Q

Where are DHCP audit logs stored by default?

A

%systemroot%\System32\dhcp in a file called “DhcpSrvLog - [day here].log”

62
Q

What is the naming convention for the DHCPv6 log file?

A

DhcpV6SrvLog - [day here].log

63
Q

Where are DHCP event logs located in Event Viewer?

A

Applications and Services Logs > Microsoft > Windows > DHCP-Server > Microsoft-Windows-DHCP Server Events > Operational

64
Q

What tools can be used together to troubleshoot DHCP issues?

A

ipconfig and the Microsoft Message Analyzer

Book 2 (4 decks)

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