Chapter 2 Flashcards
Language
Is a socially shared code system for representing concepts thoughts and ideas by using arbitrary and rule governed systems
Characteristics of language
1-Socially shared tool 2-rule-governed system 3-An arbitrary code 4-A generative process 5- Dynamic scheme
Linguist intuition
The recognition of wrong and right grammar it is possessed by native speakers of the language
Components of a language
Form, content and use
Form consists of
Phonology
morphology
syntax
Phonology
Is the sound system, For English it consists of 43 phonemes, The number varies from one language to another
Phonotactic
How sounds may be arranged in words, like grammar they are not universal
Morphology
Involves the structure of words
Morpheme
Is the smallest grammatical unit within a language
Free morpheme and bound morpheme
Free morpheme may stand alone in the world can’t be broken down to smaller words
Bound morpheme change the meaning of the original words by adding their own meanings cannot be used alone and must be attached to free morphemes
Syntax
How words are arranged in a sentence and the Ways And which one word may affect another
Content
Meaning and semantics
Use or pragmatics
Using the proper word in the proper place in a sentence
Speech
The process of producing the acoustic representations of language
Articulation
Is the way at which speed sounds are formed
Fluency
Is the smooth, forward, flow of communication, it is influenced by the rhythm and rate of speech.
Voice
Is produced by vocal cords vibration called phonation
Voice
Loudness, pitch and quality
Pitch
Is a listeners perception of how high or low a sound is, it can be physically measured as frequency or cycles per second called hertz.
Habitual Pitch
Basic told that an individual uses most of the time
Intonation
Pitch movement within an utterance
Nonverbal communication
Artifact, kinesics, Proxemics, tactile and Chronemics
Artifact
The way you look, and the way you have decorated your personal environment communicate something about you
Kinesics
Refets to the way we move our bodies or body language
Proxemics
The study of the physical distance between people as it affects communication
Tactile
Are touching behaviors
Chronemics
Is the effect of time and communication
Disorders may be categorized on three bases
1-reception
2-processing
3-Expression
Etiology
Cause or origin of the problem
Disorders may be due to
Faulty learning, neurological impairments, cognitive deficits, hearing impairments, anatomical or physiological abnormalities, Or damage in any part of speech system
Time onset: congenital or acquired
Congenital disorders are present at birth
Acquired results from illness, accident or environmental circumstances anytime later in life
Disorders may range from …… To ….
From borderline or mild to profound severity
Communication impairment
1-language disorders
2-speech disorders
3-hearing disorders
Language disorders
1-disorders of phonology
2-disorders of morphology
3-Syntactical errors
Disorders of phonology
Errors in sound use. For example not producing the ends of words
Disorder of morphology
Incorrect use of past tense and plural markers
Syntactical errors
Include incorrect word order and run on sentences
