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Transformers > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

Anatomy

1
Q

Internally, what are the 3 main components that make up a Transformer?

A

The core, the windings and the insulating fluid

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2
Q

What else are Transformers equipped with?

A

Pressure relief valves

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3
Q

What are CSP Transformer equipped with internally?

A

Fuses

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4
Q

What does the core of a transformer provide?

A

A path for magnetic coupling of the two windings

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5
Q

What does the core concentrate?

A

The magnet flux lines, which substantially improves effeciency

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6
Q

What is the core made of?

A

Thin laminations of gran-oriented silicon steel rolled into layers, with each side coated with an insulating material.

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7
Q

What does the core have a significant impact on?

A

The wat losses of the transformer

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8
Q

What are the two configurations of a Transformer’s Core?

A
  • Wound Type Core

- Shell Type Core

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9
Q

What does the core type for distribution transformers depend upon?

A

Manufacturer and the type of transformer

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10
Q

What is the type of steel that’s been recently utilized?

A

Amorphous Steel

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11
Q

Why is Amorphous Steel utilized?

A

To further reduce the losses within the core

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12
Q

What is the most popular material for the windings?

A

Copper

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13
Q

Why is Copper the most popular used material?

A

Low resistance and superb conductivity

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14
Q

Which typically has smaller sized wire used for the windings the primary or secondary windings?

A

Primary Windings

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15
Q

What shape might the winding wire take?

A

Either round or in rectangular ribbon form

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16
Q

What are the winding conductors coated with?

A

Insulation to to prevent the turns from shorting out

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17
Q

Where are the ends of the windings attached?

A

To the primary and secondary terminals

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18
Q

What are the secondary winding ends tagged with?

A

A-B-C-D

19
Q

Where are the ends of the windings brought out from when attaching them to the primary and secondary terminals?

A

Brought out of the core and coil assembly

20
Q

What is the role of the Insulating fluid?

A

Cooling and insulating the core and coil assembly

21
Q

How does it facilitate the cooling process?

A

By transferring the heat generated in the coil and core assembly to the tank or radiators, where it will be dissipated to the outside atmosphere

22
Q

What happens as the core heats?

A

The oil rises.

23
Q

What happens when the oil rises?

A

It’s forced against the case of the transformer where it radiates heat into the atmosphere and cools.

24
Q

What happens when the oil cools?

A

It circulates down to the bottom of the core.

25
Q

What is convection?

A

The circulation of the oil by heat

26
Q

What is the insulating fluid?

A

Mineral oil

27
Q

What is important to understand about Mineral oil?

A

It’s flammable under certain conditions

28
Q

What does PCB stand for?

A

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

29
Q

What is askarel?

A

The term PCB relates to a substance that can be a part of an insulating fluid.

30
Q

What has PCB been determined as?

A

To be harmful to the environment and is prohibited in new transformers.

31
Q

What is important to know when working on older transformers?

A

Be alert to the type of insulating fluid

32
Q

What is the insulated fluid indicated by?

A

A non-PCB stag or sticker, or by the data on the nameplate

33
Q

What can build up inside a transformer?

A

Pressure in the form of gas can build up inside

34
Q

Why would pressure build up inside?

A

Short in the windings, which breaks down the impurities in the oil creating gas

35
Q

What can this pressure do?

A

Build up and blow off the lid

36
Q

What do manufacturer’s now include to alleviate this potential?

A

A valve located just above the oil level, which allows internal pressure to escape to the atmosphere

37
Q

What does the valve do?

A

The valve will vent when the internal pressure reaches approx. 10lbs/sq inch.

38
Q

What is normally added when older transformers are built?

A

Pressure Relief Valve

39
Q

What do the internal fuses in CSP Transformers do?

A

Isolate and protect the transformer from internal faults.

40
Q

What must be done to replace this fuse?

A

The transformer must be de-energized and the lid removed

41
Q

What else does a CSP Transformer have?

A

An Internal Secondary Breaker

42
Q

What does the internal secondary breaker do?

A

Disconnect the hot legs in the event of an overload or a short circuit on the secondary side

43
Q

Where are the Pad-Mounted Transformers fuses?

A

Internal, but operated externally, located in the primary compartment and are under the oil level

Transformers (7 decks)

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