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Psych 205: Learning and Memory > Chapter 2,7 and 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 2,7 and 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

In vertebrates,

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

The folds or grooves (inward pockets) in the brain are known as

A

sulci

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3
Q

Most information from the peripheral nervous system travels through the spinal cord except

A

fibers controlling eye movements

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4
Q

If you fall and injure the back of your head, which of the following will you most likely experience?

A

difficulty seeing

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5
Q

Which brain structure is involved in helping you learn the coordinated movements necessary for learning to ride a bike, where timing is particularly important?

A

cerebellum

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6
Q

Which part of the brain helps regulate autonomic functions such as breathing, cardiac rate and body temperature?

A

brainstem

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7
Q

In cortical blindness

A

Your brain is fine but you can not see due to damage to your eye.

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8
Q

A central nervous system is needed to be able to learn and remember (True/False)

A

False

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9
Q

List what type of processing (visual, auditory, multisensory, spatial, decision making, autonomic function, thermoregulation) happens in each of the cortical lobes listed. Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal

A

Frontal= decision making, Parietal= spatial, Occipital= visual and Temporal= auditory

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10
Q

Which statement is true? (The ventral visual…)

A

The ventral visual system processes what information and sends information towards the temporal lobe. The dorsal visual system processes where information and send information towards the parietal lobe.

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11
Q

In the split brain film you saw in class, if a word is shown to the right brain (presented to the left visual field) the person can

A

Draw the object but not name it

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12
Q

Which of the following people was considered a nativist?

A

Rene Descartes

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13
Q

In studying memory, Ebbinghaus was concerned that his data would be affected by the fact that he was more familiar with some words than others. He avoided this by:

A

using three-letter nonsense words.

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14
Q

Please fill in the brain structure indicated by the lines in the image below from the list of potential brain areas listed below: brainstem, spinal cord, parietal cortex and cerebellum

A

1= parietal cortex, 2= cerebellum, 3= brainstem and 4=spinal cord

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15
Q

The brain is organized such that the right hemisphere controls the left side of the
body. This is an example of something being

A

contralateral

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16
Q

In a split brain patient which area is damaged

A

corpus callosum

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17
Q

The decerebrate preparation reveals that the spinal cord needs to receive commands from higher cortical areas (descending control) to generate reflexes such as the knee-jerk reflex. (True/False)

A

false

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18
Q

Which is not a mechanism involved in decreasing overall neuronal activity?

A

Decreasing the size of the synaptic cleft

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19
Q

In comparison to EEG, the fMRI technique:

A

has better spatial precision

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20
Q

Hemodynamic imaging provides great temporal information, the timing of when things happen in the brain (True/False)

A

false

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21
Q

Which part of a neuron integrates (sums or combines) incoming information?

A

cell body

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22
Q

What is the name of the narrow gap across which neurons pass chemical messages to
each other?

A

synapse

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23
Q

Which part of a neuron is myelinated?

A

axon

24
Q

Receptors linked to ion-gated channels can influence the postsynaptic neuron more slowly than receptors linked to second messenger systems. (True/False)

A

false

25
Q

Neurotransmitters are intrinsically (by nature) inhibitory or excitatory (True/False)

A

false

26
Q

Neurons which are broadly tuned

A

respond to many stimuli

27
Q

If a researcher uses EEG to measure the brain’s response to a visual stimulus, neurons
other than those that respond to visual stimuli will also be active. How do
researchers determine which neurons are responding only to the visual stimulus?

A

They take the average of many trials to average out the noise

28
Q

Most neurons can produce and release _____ and can receive and respond to____

A

just one neurotransmitter; many different neurotransmitters

29
Q

Which neurotransmitter helps regulate appetite, aggression, mood and sleep?

A

Serotonin)

30
Q

For the areas of cortex below, which is true?

A

1 is motor cortex, 2 is somatosensory cortex, 3 is auditory cortex, 4 is visual cortex

31
Q

Which type of memory stores facts and general world knowledge?

A

Semantic memory

32
Q

One difference between episodic and semantic memory is that semantic memory ____ while episodic
memory _______.

A

usually requires several exposures, is acquired in a single exposure

33
Q

Memories that are not always consciously accessible and are difficult to verbalize are called:

A

nondeclarative memories.

34
Q

If you run into your professor in the grocery store, you may be less likely to recognize her in this new
context than when you see her in your regular classroom. This demonstrates the phenomenon of:

A

transfer-appropriate processing.

35
Q

Proactive interference is when:

A

old information disrupts new learning

36
Q

Retrograde amnesia is when:

A

you can’t remember old memories.

37
Q

Damage to the mamillary bodies, as happens in Korsakoff’s disease in chronic alcoholism, leads to

A

confabulation.

38
Q

The time period during which new memories are vulnerable and easily lost is called a(n) ______ period.

A

consolidation

39
Q

A disruption of the ability to process a particular kind of information, such as difficulty recognizing an
object by sight but not by touch, is known as:

A

agnosia.

40
Q

Someone with damage to the hippocampal region would most likely suffer which of the following?

A

difficulty acquiring new episodic memories

41
Q

If you suppress (inhibit) the frontal cortex you

A

remember better

42
Q

The type of declarative memories for storing facts are stored in the

A

sensory cortex

43
Q

Which is the hippocampus, A, B, C or D?

A

A (seahorse shape)

44
Q

In several studies, participants were given a list of related words to learn, such as DREAM,
AWAKE, REST, TIRED. When later asked if they recognized the “theme” word (e.g., SLEEP) which
had never been presented, it was found that:

A

they falsely recognized the theme word but failed to recognize the studied words

45
Q

What did patient HM teach us about memory? What type of memory did he lose? What part of his
brain was damaged?

A

Declarative episodic memories

46
Q

In the graph below which shows how episodic memories change with repeated exposure
A or B

A

B

47
Q

Which of the following is the best example of a closed skill?

A

playing a particular piece on the piano

48
Q

Research on twins’ performance on the rotary pursuit task shows that, as training progressed:

A

fraternal twins’ performance became less similar, less correlated.

49
Q

If a child wants to learn to write his name by using spaced practice, he should write his name:

A

once every day for several weeks.

50
Q

The policeman has you touch your index finger to your nose because

A

your cerebellum, one of the first areas effected by alcohol, controls non- declarative skills

51
Q

If a mother wants her son to implicitly learn to use correct grammar, she should:

A

always use correct grammar when she speaks to him.

52
Q

A subject learns to press keys after seeing a string of digits containing a fixed sequence,
which the subject is not consciously aware of. At trial 6 you introduce a new string of digits
and reaction time continues to decrease (NOT increase as in the graph from class)

A

learning reflects motor improvement, not implicit learning of the sequence

53
Q

If Madeleine wants to learn two simple perceptual-motor skills most effectively, she should

A

practice them on separate days

54
Q

Which brain area is important for controlling movement velocity, direction, and amplitude?

A

basal ganglia

55
Q

Rats with damage to the basal ganglia:

A

have trouble learning to navigate a radial maze where only illuminated arms contain food.

56
Q

As you learn a new perceptual-motor skill, the amount of cortex active ____ with practice.

A

increases rapidly at first, and then more slowly

Psych 205: Learning and Memory (1 decks)

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