Chapter 2

Question 1

when was ToV signed?

Answer 1

28th June 1919

Question 2

ToV territorial losses:

Answer 2

Removed over 70,000km2 of German territory
Lost all overseas colonies (to UN)
Examples -
Alsace lorraine - to France
Polish corridor to Poland
Danzig (city with majority German pop) given to UN
Germany lost 75% of its iron core

Question 3

ToV disarmament clauses

Answer 3

Surrender all heavy weapons
Dismantle fortifications in Rhineland
Army limited to 100,00 men
Forbidden to use tanks and gas
Navy to 15,000 men
Navy = max 6 ships
No submarines 
No air force

Question 4

ToV war guilt clause

Answer 4

Article 231, accept responsibility for starting the war
Germany made liable to pay reparations to the Allies, cover cost of damage over war
1921 - £6.6billion

Question 5

ToV Rhineland

Answer 5

Demilitarised

Allied army of occupation

Question 6

ToV Saarland

Answer 6

Rich reserves of coal
Separated from Germany, placed under UN for 15 years, to supply Allies with coal as part of reparations, France allowed to exploit mines in the area

Question 7

Germany’s reaction to the ToV?

Answer 7

horror and disbelief

Question 8

where was German resentment of the ToV focused?

Answer 8

Denied right of national self-determination (had been stressed in 14 points), millions of Germans lived in non-German states
‘War guilt clause’ - humiliation
Reparations = too high
Tension from Allied occupation of Saarland
Excluded from League of Nations

Question 9

who resigned over the ToV and whose coalition formed in his place

Answer 9

Philipp Schiedmann resigned

Bauer replaced him

Question 10

what did Groener say when Ebert said he was willing to support military resistance to the ToV?

Answer 10

it would be futile

Question 11

what did SPD and allies ask RW parties to say after ToV?

Answer 11

DVP, DNVP and DDP said that people who had voted for the treaty were still patriotic

Question 12

what was the biggest damage (socially) caused by ToV

Answer 12

alienated moderates into opposing the Republic

Question 13

who promoted the stab in the back myth?

Answer 13

Ludendorff (ironic) and Hindenburg

Question 14

what groups did demobilised soldiers join who couldn’t adjust back to normality?

Answer 14

Freikorps and RW groups

Question 15

RW reaction to ToV?

Answer 15

resentment intensified, many became dedicated to overthrowing the Republic

Question 16

3 main reasons for RW resentment against ToV?

Answer 16

dethroning of Kaiser
signing armistice
accepting ToV

Question 17

British reaction to the ToV

Answer 17

largely satisfied

Question 18

Why did Lloyd George secretly dislike some terms of the ToV?

Answer 18

believed Germany was too weak to resist USSR westward expansion and wanted Germany as a stronger trading partner

Question 19

Economist John Maynard Kenes quote (contemperary)

Answer 19

reparations were too high, ‘political unwisdom’

Question 20

French reaction to the ToV?

Answer 20

Felt they had suffered the most from the war
Recovery of alsace lorraine, demilitarisation of rhineland, reparations = key french demands
Many regarded treaty as too lenient, President Clemenceau blamed and defeated in 1920 election

Question 21

American reaction to ToV?

Answer 21

Negative, saw Britain and France as greedy
ToV failed to get congressional vote and America made separate peace w/Germany 1921
1920 USA refused to join League of Nations (uninvolved with European affairs)