Chapter 2

Question 1

Types of Loads?

Answer 1

Live, Rain and Snow, Wind, Seismic , Lateral soil pressure

Question 2

Dead Loads

Answer 2

The combined weigh of all the permanent components of the building

Question 3

Live Loads

Answer 3

Nonpermanent loads caused by the weight of the building

Question 4

Rain and Snow loads

Answer 4

Act downward on roofs

Question 5

Seismic Loads

Answer 5

Highly dynamic horizontal and vertical forces caused by the motion of the ground

Question 6

Lateral soil pressure

Answer 6

Horizontal pressures of the earth and groundwater against basement walls

Question 7

Horizontal thrusts

Answer 7

Originate from long span architectural components like arches and domes

Question 8

How do foundations on bedrock settle?

Answer 8

They settle a very little amount, they are designed to limit settling to millimeters or fractions of inches.

Question 9

Uniform Settling?

Answer 9

When settling happens at the same rate throughout the building.

Question 10

Differential Settling ?

Answer 10

When parts of the building settle at different times, this can lead to distortion of the building frame and cracks

Question 11

Most foundation failures can be contributed to ?

Answer 11

Differential settling and gross settling which is where the soil below ground completely fails.

Question 12

How are earth materials classified?

Answer 12

They are classified by particle size, the presence or organic content and sensitivity to moisture.

Question 13

What is consolidated bedrock?

Answer 13

A contiuous mass of mineral materials that can only be removed by drilling. It is usually the strongest and most stable material that a building can be built on.

Question 14

What is soil?

Answer 14

Any earth material that is particulate.

Question 15

Soil Classification ?

Answer 15

Boulders, Cobbles, Gravel, Sand, Silt , Clay.

Question 16

Gravel and Sand are also called?

Answer 16

Coarse Grained Materials.

Question 17

Silt and clay is also called?

Answer 17

Fine Grained Material

Question 18

If the particles are too small to see to the eye it is…

Answer 18

Silt or Clay

Question 19

What is shear strength?

Answer 19

The resistance to internal sliding

Question 20

Coarse Grained materials…

Answer 20

-Densely packed, exhibit high strength and can support greater loads, but when coarse grained soils are not densely packed less load can be supported.

Question 21

Soils that rely on internal friction are called

Answer 21

Frictional or Cohesionless

Question 22

Soil Liquefaction

Answer 22

When water saturated sands or soilts lose all of their strength when a large change in load happens, like in an earthquake.

Question 23

Clay particles are

Answer 23

Extremely small in size and flatter in shape and can combine with each other to form fabrics.

Question 24

Clay Soil is cohesive because?

Answer 24

They can stick together and during an excavation in clay soil can be done without temporary support

Question 25

Cohesionless soil ?

Answer 25

Sand, must be excavated at a shallower angle to avoid the collapse of unsupported walls.

Question 26

Why can cohesive soils sustain a higher moisture content ?

Answer 26

Because they have a higher liquid limit.

Question 27

Are clay soils expansive?

Answer 27

Yes, they are prone to expand or contract with changes in moisture content. This means that water can pass through clay very slowly or not at all.

Question 28

What is Gradation ?

Answer 28

The range of the particle sizes present.

Question 29

Well Graded Soil?

Answer 29

A broad well districbuted range of particle sizes

Question 30

Poorly Graded Soil

Answer 30

Consists of particles more limited in size.