Chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Rationalism
A
The view that reason & logical argument, but not experience, is most important for how we acquire knowledge.
2
Q
Scientific Method
A
- Identify the problem
- Gather information
- Generate hypothesis
- Design & conduct experiments
- Analyse data & form conclusions
- Restart the process
3
Q
Descriptive Methods
A
- Any means to describe a group (capture, record, report)
- Interested in identifying “what is” instead of “why” it is
4
Q
Naturalistic Observation
A
- Observation of behaviour as it happens.
- Not attempt to manipulate or control environment.
5
Q
Participant Observation
A
- A research method in which the researcher becomes part of the group under investigation.
6
Q
David Rosenhan
A
- Skeptical of diagnostic abilities of clinicians
- Did a 3 year investigation
7
Q
Case Studies
A
- An in-depth analysis of a unique circumstance of an individual.
8
Q
Henry Molaison - H.M.
A
Man who couldn’t record memories.
9
Q
Surveys
A
- An efficient way to to quickly collect information & gather an understanding of the current state of people’s opinions or attitudes.
10
Q
Alfred Kinsey
A
Sex studies.
11
Q
Correlation
A
- Researchers conduct observations, case studies, & surveys with the purpose of identifying relationships that exist between two or more variables.
- Correlations are not causations.
12
Q
Positive Correlation
A
- The variables change in the same direction.
- As one variable increases, the other also increases. Same if it decreases. (line, bottom left to top right)
13
Q
Negative Correlation
A
- One variable increase leads to decrease of the other. (line, top left to bottom right)
14
Q
Zero Correlation
A
- Indicates that there is no apparent relationship between the variables. (Vaccines and autism) (line, random dots)
15
Q
Confounding Variable
A
- Other variables that may influence one or both variables that we are measuring, thereby influencing the correlation coefficient. (Ice cream & homicide)
