Chapter 2

Question 1

scribble

Answer 1

Write or draw (something) carelessly or hurriedly.
نا خوانا یا تند نوشتن

Try not to scribble on the answer sheet

Question 2

venture

Answer 2

A risky or daring journey or undertaking.
:odyssey, wandering, journeying, exploration.
People are afraid to venture out for fear of sniper attacks.

Question 3

itinerary

Answer 3

برنامه سفر

Question 4

dreary

/ˈdrɪəri/

Answer 4

dull and depressing, bleak, and lifeless
i.e: leave this dreary old flat
خسته کننده
i.e: a dreary little town in the Midwest.

Question 5

excursion

/ɪkˈskəːʃ(ə)n/

Answer 5

A short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure activity.

گردش برون شهری
but chose to venture into the hills
instead, hoping to see some of the local wildlife.
syno: jaunt, expedition, journey, tour

Question 6

pivotal

/ˈpɪvətl/

Answer 6

of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
محوری، اساسی، موثر
Retrieving my stolen passport was a ________moment

Question 7

profound

Answer 7

to emphasize that something is very great or intense.
very meaningful and may affect the way you think and feel.
عمیق و ژرف
i.e: Anna’s patriotism was profound
:intense

Question 8

pitch black

Answer 8

completely dark; as black as pitch.

Question 9

circumference

/səˈkʌmf(ə)r(ə)ns/

Answer 9

The enclosing boundary of a curved geometric figure, especially a circle.

perimeter, border, boundary

i:e:

Question 10

secure

Answer 10

Succeed in obtaining (something), especially with difficulty.

procure
Graham’s
achievements helped secure him the job.

Question 11

amenity

/əˈmiːnɪti/
/əˈmɛnɪti/

Answer 11

facility
امکانات رفاهی-سرگرمی
things such as shopping centers or sports facilities that
are provided for people’s convenience,

The hotel amenities include health clubs, conference facilities, and banqueting rooms.

Question 12

cuisine

/kwɪˈziːn/

Answer 12

A style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a particular country, region, or establishment.
Syn: cookery, fare, food

i.e: Hotel Mayfair apparently famous for its cuisine – the chef has just
won a very prestigious cooking prize.

Question 13

supersede

/ˌsuːpəˈsiːd/

Answer 13

supplant, substitute for جایگزین شدن
Take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use); .

hasn’t that theory been superseded?

Question 14

citation

/sʌɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

Answer 14

A quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work.
quote, extract, excerpt, passage, line, piece
نقل قول، استناد
i.e: So read your notes again to find the citations.

Question 15

vague

Answer 15

of uncertain, indefinite, or unclear character or meaning.
مبهم، کله پا
ie: Sleep-deprived people also become vague, forgetful, and irritable

Question 16

super-ordinate

Answer 16

A thing that represents a superior order or category within a system of classification.

Question 17

yearning

Answer 17

A feeling of intense longing for something.

Those forced to stay behind in urban life are increasingly yearning for neighborhood

Question 18

Advocate

V

Answer 18

recommend or support it publicly

i.e: the tax policy advocated by the Opposition

Question 19

assert

Answer 19

If someone asserts a fact or belief, they state it firmly.
■ The defendants continue to
assert their innocence.

Question 20

Amendment

Answer 20

a minor change in a document.

Question 21

allegations

Answer 21

اتهامات، بخصوص بدون مدرک و دلیل

Question 22

dispute

Answer 22

If you dispute a fact, statement, or theory, you say that it is incorrect or untrue.
مورد تردید قرار دادن
i.e: He disputed the allegations.

Question 23

outline

Answer 23

If you outline an idea or a plan, you explain it in a general way, not in details.
i.e: The mayor
outlined his plan

Question 24

drawback

Answer 24

a feature that renders something less acceptable; a disadvantage or problem.

اشکال، زیان، مانع

Question 25

proliferation

/prəlɪfəˈreɪʃn/

Answer 25

Rapid increase in the number or amount of something.

i.e: he gave evidence of the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

Question 26

retrofit

Answer 26

Add (a component or accessory) to something that did not have it when manufactured.
به روز آوردن قطعات سیستم, بازجورسازی
i.e: system is down for retrofit

Question 27

overdue

Answer 27

not having arrived, happened, or been done by the expected time.
موعد سر رسیده، دیر شده
i.e: to go out to study a supernova remnant, they are overdue.

Question 28

untenable

Answer 28

(especially of a position or view) not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection.
غیر قابل دفاع
i:e: when faced with untenable alternatives, you should consider yourself imperative.

Question 29

fend

Answer 29

look after and provide for oneself, without any help from others.

defend oneself from a blow, attack, or attacker.
ward off, head off, stave off, hold off, repel, repulse

i:e: They want to leave us to fend for ourselves.

Question 30

harbinger

Answer 30

a person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another.

herald, sign, indication, signal, portent, omen, augury, forewarning, presage, forerunner, precursor, messenger, foretoken
precursor, predecessor, forerunner,

i.e: She is the herald of Apocalypse, the harbinger of death.