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CHEMISTRY 1 1 > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

def: Any property that depends on the amount of the substance

A

Extensive Property

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2
Q

def: Any property of a substance that can be measured or described without creating a new substance

A

Intensive Property

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3
Q

def: Any property of a substance that can be measured or described without creating a new substance

A

Physical Property

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4
Q

def: Any of a substance’s properties that arise as a result of a chemical reaction, where a new substance forms, or that describe a substance’s tendency to react

A

Chemical Property

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5
Q

Intensive and extensive describe _____ properties exclusively

A

physical

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6
Q

Physical properties describe interactions between _____ and _____

A

matter and energy

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7
Q

Chemical properties describe interactions between _______

A

different forms of matter

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8
Q

def: the energy an object or particle has because its motion

A

Kinetic Energy

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9
Q

3 types of Kinetic Energy

A

Translational Energy, vibrational energy, rotational energy

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10
Q

def: The energy an object or particle has because of its position relative to others, or because of internal stresses

A

Potential Energy

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11
Q

Changes in kinetic energy reflect changes in particle______

A

movement

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12
Q

changes in potential energy reflect changes in particle _____

A

seperation

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13
Q

def: total energy contained within an object, representing the sum of all particles

A

Internal Energy

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14
Q

def: a comparative measure of energy, proportional to the average kinetic energy of an objects particles

A

Temperature

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15
Q

Temperature is an ________ property

A

intensive

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16
Q

Internal energy is an _______ property

A

extensive

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17
Q

Changes in volume directly reflect changes in

A

potential energy

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18
Q

def: Energy that transfers between objects of different internal energies

A

Heat

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19
Q

4 states of matter

A

Gas, liquid, solid, plasma

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20
Q

KMT?

A

Kinetic Molecular Theory

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21
Q

Solid to liquid

A

melting

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22
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

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23
Q

liquid to solid

A

freezing

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24
Q

liquid to gas

A

vaporisation

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25
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

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26
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

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27
Q

gas to plasma

A

ionization

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28
Q

plasma to gas

A

recombination

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29
Q

def: an electircally neutral, high energy fundamental state of matter, composed of positive ions and free electrons

A

Plasma

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30
Q

when kinetic energy gains heat, particles _______

A

move faster

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31
Q

when potential energy gains heat, particles ______

A

move further apart

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32
Q

def: the temperature at which a solid changes state into a liquid

A

melting point

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33
Q

def: temperature at which a liquid completely changes state into a gas

A

boiling point

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34
Q

change of state from liquid to gas

A

vaporization

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35
Q

rapid vaporization of a liquid that is heated to its boiling point

A

boiling

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36
Q

slow vaporization of a liquid from its surface when that liquid is below its boiling point

A

evaporation

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37
Q

def: a relative expression of a substances tendency to vaporize

A

volatility

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38
Q

def: any part of a system that is uniform in composition and in properties, making it visually distinct from the rest of the system

A

phase

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39
Q

def: refers to an individual substance and all the particles of that substance

A

chemical species

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40
Q

def: a substance made up of only one chemical species, having only one type of particle

A

pure substance

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41
Q

def: a substance made up of multiple chemical species, having more than one type of particle

A

mixture

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42
Q

def: the simplest and smallest unit of mass that maintains the properties of the substance

A

atom

43
Q

def: an atom that is electrically charged because of imbalance between the number of protons and elections

A

ion

44
Q

def: a group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds, a sharing of electrons between atoms

A

molecule

45
Q

def: oppositely charged ions held together by ionic bonds, an electrical attractive force

A

ion pair

46
Q

def: a mixture containing one or more metals

A

alloy

47
Q

def: an attraction between ions of opposite electrostatic charges (anions and cations)

A

ionic bond

48
Q

def: a compound made up of one or more cations and one or more anions ( also called a salt and formed of an ion pair)

A

ionic compound

49
Q

def: sharing of electrons between atoms, holding the atoms together to form a molecule

A

covalent bond

50
Q

def: a compound formed of molecules, atoms held together sharing electrons

A

covalent compound

51
Q

def: different structural arrangements of a single element, creating materials with unique sets of properties

A

allotropes

52
Q

def: a thing that is composed of two or more opposite charged elements

A

compound

53
Q

def: an alternating arrangement of anions cations

A

ionic crystal lattice

54
Q

def: sharing of electrons between atoms, holding the atoms together to form a molecule

A

covalent bond

55
Q

def: a compound formed of molecules, atoms held together sharing electrons

A

covalent compound

56
Q

def: compound that contains carbon

A

organic compound

57
Q

def: any compound that does not contain carbon

A

inorganic compound

58
Q

def: any compound that contains only two elements, in any ratio

A

binary compound

59
Q

def: generates a pH less than 7 when dissolved in water

A

acid

60
Q

def: generates a pH greater than 7 when dissolved in water

A

base

61
Q

def: any ionic compound that does not contain hydroxide

A

salt

62
Q

def: describes a system made up of only one phase

A

homogeneous

63
Q

def: describes a system made up of more than one phase

A

heterogeneous

64
Q

def: a type of homogeneous mixture, having multiple chemical species in a single phase where one or more substances dissolve into eachother

A

solution

65
Q

def: the part of the solution that exists in the smaller quantity

A

solute

66
Q

def: the part of the solution that exists in the greater quantity

A

solvent

67
Q

def: a solution composed of a solute dissolved in water

A

aqueous solution

68
Q

def: a type of heterogeneous mixture, containing multiple chemical species in multiple phases

A

suspension

69
Q

def: the process of particles in suspension settling out of the fluid in which they find themselves in response to a force acting upon them

A

sedimentation

70
Q

def: a type of heterogeneous mixture , having microscopic dispersed insoluble particles suspended throughout another substance

A

colloid

71
Q

def: a procedure of seperating the components of a mixture by exploiting differences in either physical or chemical properties

A

separation technique

72
Q

def: separation of a mixtures components based on differences in physical properties : density, boiling point

A

physical separation

73
Q

def: separation of a mixtures components based on differences in chemical properties, requiring a chemical reaction, thus forming a new substance

A

chemical separation

74
Q

def: manually selecting and separating each phase of a mixture one by one

A

manual separation

75
Q

def: an upward force exerted by a fluid on any object immersed in that fluid, which acts in opposition to gravitys downward pull

A

Buoyancy (Fb)

76
Q

when gravity is bigger than buoyancy, what type of buoyancy is it?

A

negative buoyancy

77
Q

colloid has what type of buoyancy?

A

neutral buoyancy

78
Q

suspension has what type of buoyancy?

A

negative buoyancy

79
Q

def: separation of a solid from a liquid carefully pouring out the liquid portion while leaving behind the solid portion of a solid in liquid mixture

A

decanting

80
Q

def: The separation of a solid from a fluid by passing the mixture through a filter medium, which blocks and collects the solid, while allowing the liquid or the gas through

A

filtration

81
Q

def: the solid left over on the filter medium after filtration

A

residue

82
Q

def: the fluid that passes through the filter medium

A

filtrate

83
Q

def: a separation technique in which rapidly spinning a sample in a centrifuge creates the force necessary to cause sedimentation

A

centrifugation

84
Q

def: The collective term for various techniques that separate the solutes of a solution, based on their different interactions between a fluid mobile phase and a solid stationary phase

A

chromatography

85
Q

4 terms to describe chromatography

A

analytes, mobile phase, stationary phase, chromatograph

86
Q

def: the solutes we are trying to identify or purify

A

analytes

87
Q

def: either a gas or liquid solvent flowing through the system

A

mobile phase

88
Q

def: a solid over or through which the mobile phase flows

A

stationary phase

89
Q

def: the device or apparatus that carries out the separation

A

chromatograph

90
Q

def: A ratio comparing the progress an analyte makes across the stationary phase to the progress the solvent makes, for that analyte, in that solvent, on that stationary phase

A

Retention Factor (Rf)

91
Q

def: a method for separating different solutes in solution based on their relative solubilities in two liquids that dont mix

A

solvent extraction

92
Q

def: the removal of solvent from a dissolved solid via evaporation, leaving behind only the solid

A

drying

93
Q

def: a technique for separating components from a liquid containing mixture using selective vaporization and condensation

A

distillation

94
Q

def: the solid left over in the reboiler after distillation

A

residue

95
Q

def: the liquid that condenses and collects in the distillation receiver

A

distillate

96
Q

def: any ion derived from a single atom

A

monoatomic ion

97
Q

def: an element that has only one possible ionic charge

A

single valent

98
Q

def: any metal that has multiple possible ionic charges

A

multivalent

99
Q

def: a group of atoms who bond together through electron sharing and covalent bonds, who collectively need to gain or lose one or more electrons, forming a molecular ion

A

polyatomic ion

100
Q

def: any polyatomic ion that contains a non metal atom and some number of oxygen atoms

A

oxyanions

101
Q

def: refers to a substance that contains no water

A

anhydrous

102
Q

def: an inorganic salt that includes water molecules within its crystal lattice, with a definite ratio of water to salt

A

hydrate

103
Q

substance that absorbs water from its surroudings

A

desiccant

104
Q

binary covalent compounds contain ______

A

two non metals

CHEMISTRY 1 1 (1 decks)

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