Chapter 2

Question 1

greek city-states

Answer 1

• polis (center = acroPOLIS)
  
  • place of refuge during attack
  • religious center
• community within
• distrust between city-states
• military = hopites
  
  • heavily armed
  • unit = phalanx

Question 2

classes within greek city-states

Answer 2

citizens with rights = adult males
citizens without rights = woman and children
noncitizens = laborers/slaves/resident aliens

Question 3

greek expansion/effects of greek trade

Answer 3

• colonies/culture across mediterranean sea

- trade –> rich/power hungry men –> rise or tyrants

Question 4

greek tyrants

Answer 4

• helped poor (increased popularity)
• hired soldiers to keep their power intact
• fell out of favor, as greeks believed in the rule of law
• -> development of democracy (or use of oligarchy)

Question 5

Sparta

Answer 5

• helots = captured peoples (mostly Laconians)
• military based
• discouraged from studying philosophy/literature/arts

Question 6

Sparta government structure

Answer 6

• 2 kings
• 5 ephors (below king)
• ephors are elected each year, as a sort of greek congress
• council of elders + 28 citizens 60+ years old

Question 7

Athens government structure

Answer 7

• oligarchy + assembly of citizens (with little power)

- -> slavery for debtors –> on verge of civil war/economic distress

Question 8

results o Athens government structure

Answer 8

• tyranny took over to fix the poor’s situation (gave land)
• Cleisthenes gains power
• foundation of democracy