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A And P 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom?

A

It has a nucleus with protons +and neutrons(neutral) and with electrons - orbiting around nucleus in designated shells

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2
Q

What is an ion?

A

When an atom gains or loses electrons and has a charge(positive or negative)

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3
Q

What is the atomic #?

A

The # of protons in an atom and this determines what element it is

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4
Q

What is the atomic mass/weight?

A

The avg mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element(neutrons)

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5
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of same element with diff # neutrons

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6
Q

What are Molecules?

A

Two or more atoms bonded together using chemical bonds

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7
Q

What are 3 types of bonds?

A

Ionic-positively and negatively charged ions are attracted to each other i.e. Nacl-not as strong as covalent
Covalent-two atoms share electrons-strongest type of bond
Polar-ie h20 oxygen attracts the hydrogens more strongly
Non polar
Hydrogen-weakest. Weak intermolecular bonds i.e. H2o

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8
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Sum of all chemical reactions in body

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9
Q

What is an Exergonic reaction?

A

Chemical reactions that give off energy

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10
Q

What is an endergonic reaction?

A

Requires energy to take place

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11
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Decrease the amount of energy needed for a reaction

Most are enzymes

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12
Q

What is an anabolic reaction?

A

Build up larger molecules

Synthesis reactions

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13
Q

What is a catabolic reaction?

A

Breaks apart molecules-

Decomposition reaction

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14
Q

What is an inorganic compound?

A

Simple molecules that usually lack carbon

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15
Q

What is an organic compound?

A

Always contains carbon hydrogen and usually o2 has covalent bonds

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16
Q

What is most abundant inorganic compound in bodies

A

Water

17
Q

Characteristics of water

A 
Main characteristic is polarity
Solvent
Stable polar medium
High heat capacity
Forms hydrogen bonds
18
Q

What is an acid?

A

Gives off H+ in solution-hydrogen ions

19
Q

What is a base?

A

Gives off oh- in solution(hydroxyl ions)

20
Q

What is ph?

A

A scale from 0-14 where 0-6 is more acidic and 8-14 are more basic
7 is neutral

21
Q

What are cho’s?

A

Sugars to give body energy

22
Q

What are the forms of cho’s?

A

Monosaccharides-simple-glucose, fructose, galactose- useful for making rna and dna
Disaccharides-2 monosaccharides-sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides-long structures of monosaccharides. Good for storing energy i.e. Glycogen

23
Q

What is a lipid?

A

Non polar hydrophobic oil/fat molecules. Insoluble in water

Provide protection, insulation and energy

24
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Most common lipid in our bodies

Stored in adipose tissue

25
Q

What is a Phospholipid?

A

Crucial for the formation of cell membranes
Polar phosphate head and two non polar lipid tails
Forms lipid portion of cell membrane

26
Q

What is a steroid?

A

Molecules made from a 4 c ring.
I.e. Cholesterol
Testosterone, estrogen, cortisol

27
Q

What are proteins?

A 
Can have complicated shapes
Made of 20 diff amino acids
Amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Two amino acids-dip emptied
Longer chains-polypeptide
28
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Proteins that act as catalysts for specific chemical reactions in our bodies

29
Q

What is dna?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Double helix. Genetic code in base pairs
Adenine thymine
Guanine cytosine
Found in nucleus

30
Q

What is rna?

A

Ribonucleic acid-single strand structure
Relays genetic code from dna to ribosomes so that proteins can be made
Adenine uracil
Guanine and cytosine

31
Q

What is atp?

A

Adenosine triphosphate
Energy molecule
The 3rd phosphate can be broken to release energy for the cells and this creates adp
Can put phosphate back to store energy

32
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

Substances with polar covalent bonds that dissolve in water-water loving

33
Q

What is hydrophobic

A

Substances with non polar covalent bonds i.e. Lipids

34
Q

What is an acid?

A

Substance that releases h+ ions

35
Q

What is a base?

A

Substance the releases oh-ions

36
Q

What is amphipathic?

A

Something that is both polar and non polar i.e. Phospholipid

37
Q

What happens if protein is denatured?

A

In a hostile environment it loses its characteristic shape and function

38
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Basic units of nucleic acids
Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar
Phosphate group

A And P 1 (2 decks)

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