Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Social Research Methods - 4e > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three criteria “nomothetic” explanations must satisfy?

What do Nomothetic explanations seek to provide?

A

Correlation
Time Order
Non-spuriousness

Nomothetic explanations seek to provide law-like descriptions of social life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are considered some threats to internal validity?

To whom is this list attributed?

A

Cook and Campbell (1979)

  • Selection
  • Maturation
  • Mortality
  • Instrumentation
  • Testing
  • History

“SM(2)ITH”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is “Naturalism”?

How does it relate to “Validity”?

A

Naturalism is “the style of research that seeks to minimize the use of artificial methods of data collection” (p.28).

…or “a style of research designed to minimize disturbance to the natural or everyday social world” (p.402).

Naturalism relates to external validity in that “qualitative research tends…to take a naturalistic stance” (p.28).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or False: Testability is a criterion of trustworthiness, as defined by Lincoln and Guba (1985).

To what do Lincoln and Guba’s criteria relate?

A

False.

The criteria of trustworthiness, according to Lincoln and Guba (1985), are:

  • Credibility
  • Transferability
  • Dependability
  • Confirmability

They recommend trustworthiness be the benchmark for the quality of a qualitative study because “some researchers argue that it is inappropriate to apply the concepts of reliability and validity to their research” (p. 29).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The main problem with cross-sectional design is that ________.

A

… it may be difficult to establish causal relationship from the data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The nomothetic explanation of social activity might also be referred to as what explanation? What does it require?

A

The nomothetic explanation might also be referred to as “cause and effect.”

It requires correlation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If a conclusion meets the criterion of internal validity what is reasonably certain?

A

A causal relationship between the variables is reasonably certain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of validity?

A

Measurement (or construct) validity
Internal validity
External validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

With respect to cross-sectional designs, what can a longitudinal design overcome?

A

A longitudinal design overcomes the “direction of causation” problem found in cross-sectional design.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In what type of research is experimental design commonly used?

A

Quantitative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the main significance of experimental design?

A

The main significance of experimental design is the logic of comparison it demonstrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a key component of validating cross-sectional research methodology?

A

Random sampling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False: A case study research project may include data collection from multiple cases.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False: Each type of research design has its qualitative and quantitative manifestation.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

With respect to tests, what does the classic experimental design requires?

A

A pre-test and post-test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False: Cross-sectional designs can be used only with quantitative research.

A

False.

17
Q

True or False: A case study research project may include data collection from multiple cases.

A

True.

18
Q

The main strength of comparative cross-cultural research is that ________.

A

… it illustrates how social scientific studies can be culturally specific.

19
Q

Dizygotic twins are also known as __________ twins whereas Monozygotic twins are also known as ________ twins.

What did Bell conclude in 2009 regarding political attitudes?

A

Dizygotic twins are also known as fraternal twins whereas Monozygotic twins are also known as identical twins.

The results of his study indicate that “nature” and “nurture” interact in the formation of political attitudes.

20
Q

What is “consilience”?

A

The unity of knowlege.

21
Q

What are threats to external validity, according to Cook and Campbell (1979)?

A

Threats to external validity:

  • Interaction of selection and treatment
  • Interaction of history and treatment
  • Interaction of setting and treatment
  • Interaction effects of pre-testing
  • Reactive effects of experimental arrangements
22
Q

What is meant by a cross-sectional research design?

Can this design be used with both quantitative and qualitative research?

A

Yes - cross-sectional research design can be used with both quantitative and qualitative research; however, …

23
Q

According to Yin (1984), what are the three types of case with respect to the case study research design? To which type of validity does each relate?

A

Critical case -
Extreme (unique) case -
Relevatory case -

All relate to external validity.

24
Q

With respect to case studies, what is the relationship normally found between research orientations and research approaches?

A

Qualitative orientation - inductive approach

Quantitative orientation - deductive approach

Social Research Methods - 4e (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions