Chapter 2

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

1: the science of human beings; esp: the study of human beings through time and space and in relation to physical character, environmental and social relations and culture 2: theology dealing with the origin, nature, and destiny of human beings.

Question 2

Deism

Answer 2

A movement or system of thought advocating natural religion, emphasizing morality, and in the 18th century denying the interference of the Creator with the laws of the universe.

Question 3

Determinism

Answer 3

a theory or doctrine that acts of the will, occurrences in nature, or social or psychological phenomena or predetermined by preceding events or natural laws, and human beings do not have real individual choices about them.

Question 4

Egalitarian

Answer 4

asserting, promoting, or marked by egalitarianism.

Question 5

Egalitarianism

Answer 5

(1905) 1: a belief in human equality especially with respect to social, political, and economic rights and privileges 2: a social philosophy advocating the removal of inequalities among people.

Question 6

Epistemology

Answer 6

the study or a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge esp. with reference to its limits and validity.

Question 7

Ethics

Answer 7

1: the discipline dealing with wha is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation 2a: a set of moral principles: a theory or system of moral values 2b: the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group 2c: a guiding philosophy 3: a set of moral issues or aspects.

Question 8

Metaphysics

Answer 8

1: a division of philosophy that is concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and being and that includes ontology ( the study of the nature of being), cosmology (the study the nature of the universe), and often epistemology ( the study the nature of knowledge)

Question 9

Nihilism

Answer 9

1a: a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is senseless and useless 1b: a doctrine that denies any objective ground of truth and especially of moral truths 2a: a doctrine or belief that conditions in the social organization are so bad as to make destruction desirable for its own sake independents of any constructive program or possibility.

Question 10

Protestant Reformation

Answer 10

a 16th century religious movement marked ultimately by rejection or modification of some Roman Catholic doctrine and practice and establishment of the Protestant churches; the Reformation denied the universal authority of the Pope and affirmed the principles of justification by faith alone, the priesthood of all believers, and the primacy of the Bible as the only source of revealed truth.

Question 11

Socialism

Answer 11

1: any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods 2a: a system of society or group living in which there is no private property 2b: a system or condition of society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state.

Question 12

Socialist

Answer 12

1: one who advocates or practices socialism 2: capitalized: a member of a party or political group advocating socialism.

Question 13

Sovereignty

Answer 13

1: supreme power 2: freedom from external control : autonomy

Question 14

Statism

Answer 14

1: concentration of economic controls and planning in the hands of a highly centralized government often extending to government ownership of industry 2: Excessive trust in or idolatry of the state.

Question 15

Statist, adjective

Answer 15

characterized by statism.