Chapter 2 Flashcards
When the ice age ended, how did climate changes affect the environment?
- Warmer temperature allowed people, animals, and plants to spread farther north and south of the equator.
- People saw new animals and plants, which meant new food sources. -Where food was plentiful, populations increased.
People adapt plants and animals for their use.
10,000 years ago
Farming develops in Europe, Asia, and many other places around the world
8,000 years ago
- One of the earth’s first permanent settlements.
- Located along Euphrates River, settled first for its plentiful food sources.
- Inhabits began farming.
- Among the first to domesticate animals and plants
Abu Hureyra
- Grew into one of the earliest-known towns about 7000 BC,
- became a very important trading town with almost 3000 people.
- Religious beliefs were important: treated the dead with respect ( buried them under their homes ),
- many shrines and artifacts found to show the importance of religious beliefs.
Jericho
- Good soil, good water source.
- Important trade town, controlled obsidian trade.
- Also made linen and cloth.
- Buried dead with jewelry and weapons, and built many shrines.
Çatal huyuk
- First urban areas,most cities had a population of over 5000 people, people had more specialized jobs, they had marketplaces, and the inhabitants paid taxes ( crops or government projects ).
- The city used taxes to pay city officials and to trade for other goods and materials.
Eridu
Kish
Ur
Uruk
- People in southwestern Asia learned to plant seeds from wild plants so that new plants could grow.
- They carefully chose the seeds to plant which made crops better each year.
- The first animal to be domesticated were dogs, used for hunting; then sheep, pigs, and goats.
Domestication of plants and animals
- Brought a steady source of food.
- When they had a surplus of food: they could use surplus to plant during next season,
- store as a grain to use when food was scarce,
- lend food to other settlements ( develop friendship ),
- present as gifts to dead ancestors to show respect.
- people began to trade with other settlements for items not found in their areas.
- traded surplus food for other food, clothing, tools, and home building materials.
- trade led to ,or advanced societies.
- The first crops were rye, barley, and wheat called Einkorn.
Agriculture
- Agriculture completely changed people’s lives.
- Better food supplies led to permanent settlements, which turned into communities.
Agricultural Revolution
In areas of thick forests, farmers burned the trees and mixed the ashes with soil to prepare the soil for planting.
Slash-and-Burn-Farming
Cutting steps of flat land into the sides of mountains and hills.
Terraces
Developed around 6000 B.C. in Asia.allowed farmers to cut, lift, and turn over soil to plant seeds.
Plow
Way to move water to land. farmers dug ditches from rivers to their fields to bring water to their crops. Discovered in southwestern Asia about 6000 BC.
Irrigation
As population grew in towns leaders had to do what?
- Control large numbers of people,
- larger food surpluses,
- a greater amount of trade with other cities.
- Leaders created many unwritten laws
- beginning of government.
- number of cities increased and spread, civilizations were created.
