Chapter 2

Question 1

Inflamation

Answer 1

• is a sign of healing caused by increased blood flow to the area
• signs and symptoms - heat, swelling, redness and pan

Question 2

Infections occur when bacteria are introduced into a wound. What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 2

Heat around area, increased redness, aching, tenderness, pus and/or fever, swollen lymph glands proximal to the injury, red streaks

Question 3

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 3

Whenever inflammation or infection occur, this system goes to work to filter bacteria and fight infection

Question 4

When should you follow-up on a initial injury?

Answer 4

Within 24 hrs you should re-examine the injury for signs of infection. Also you should redress/ re-bandage and complete a new entry in the first aid record.

Question 5

What does the respiratory system includes?

Answer 5

Lungs and air passages

Responsible for the intake of oxygen which is an essential element for the body and the release of carbon dioxide

Question 6

What does the circulatory system include?

aka the cardiovascular system

Answer 6

Includes the heart, blood vessels and blood.
It is the transportation system of the body. It deliveries oxygen, glucose and other essential elements and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste product

Question 7

What does the nervous system include?

Answer 7

The brain and nerves

Question 8

What does the urinary system include?

Answer 8

It is made up of the kidneys, ureters and bladder

Responsible for filtering the blood and excreting most of the body waste

Question 9

What does the digestive system include?

Answer 9

It is made of the stomach, intestines and other internal organs required to process the food we ingest

Question 10

What does the genital system include?

Answer 10

Is made of the reproductive organs

Question 11

What does the musculoskeletal system include?

Answer 11

It is composed of the bones that provide the bodies framework. Includes the muscles, tendons and ligaments.

Question 12

The thorax is aka?

Answer 12

(Chest) contains the heart, lungs, esophagus and great vessels.

Question 13

What is xiphoid process?

Answer 13

It is an important landmark for the application of closed chest massage during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Question 14

What does the spleen do?

Located in the upper left quadrant behind the stomach

Answer 14

Filters blood for bacteria
A ware house for white blood cells if needed
Recycles old red blood cells, after 6 days they become digested by the spleen

Question 15

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 15

Has 2 functions

1. Endocrine - Produces chemicals (hormones) that regulate blood sugar
2. Exocrine - Produces enzymes to digest food (amylase)

Question 16

Radius and ulna?

Answer 16

Bones of the forarm

Question 17

Where is the Brachial Pulse?

Answer 17

May be palpated on the anterior-medial aspect of the elbow.

Question 18

Where is the Radial Pulse?

Answer 18

Is palpable on the anterior surface of the wrist on its lateral aspect.

Question 19

What is the AVPU system?

Answer 19

Its a system to determine the level of consciousness of the patient on approach.
Alert - aware of surroundings, time, date and name
Verbal - is disorientated but responds when spoken too
Pain - does not respond to questions, but cries in response to painful stimulus
Unresponsive - does not respond to any stimuli

Question 20

What is the critical role of the OFA attendant?

Answer 20

1. Recognize the seriously injured worker quickly
2. Perform life saving first aid interventions quickly
3. Ensure the patient gets to the hospital with out delay

Question 21

What 3 questions should you ask to determine mechanism of injury?

Answer 21

1. What happened?
2. How much force was applied to the victim?
3. To what part of the body and in what direction was the force applied?

Question 22

What is the final step in scene assessment?

Answer 22

Is to determine the number of victims.

Question 23

Why is jaw thrust used to open the airway?

Answer 23

Extending the neck to open the airway of a trauma patient can cause spinal cord damage

Question 24

Why must you never leave a patient in the supine position with decreased consciousnesses?

Answer 24

The airway may become obstructed by the tongue, vomitus or blood

Question 25

How is the respiratory rate counted?

Answer 25

By counting the chest wall movements. Count how many breaths for 15 seconds then multiply by 4. Normal range is 12 - 20 breaths a minute. If there is less then 10 breaths a minute you must assist ventilation with oxygen using a pocket mask

Question 26

How long should the rapid body survey take?

Answer 26

Must not take longer than 30 seconds.

The attendant should feel the body hollows for pooling of blood. Be aware of sharp debris that could be hidden.

Question 27

When should you reassess your ABC’s?

Answer 27

5 minute for RTC patients
10 minutes for non-RTC patients
5 min for the attendant with a patient requiring a stretcher transport

Question 28

Why should you reassess the patient frequently?

Answer 28

Because a patient who initially appears to be stable may deteriorate and you may have to upgrade to the RTC

Question 29

What are some trauma that are on the list of criteria that place patients in RTC

Answer 29

• free fall from 6.5 m (20 ft)
• severe deceleration in a motor vehicle accident
• struck at 30 km or more
• severe crush injuries
• smoke or toxic gas inhalation
• decompression illness
• near drowning
• electrical injuries