Chapter 2 Flashcards
Inflamation
- is a sign of healing caused by increased blood flow to the area
- signs and symptoms - heat, swelling, redness and pan
Infections occur when bacteria are introduced into a wound. What are the signs and symptoms?
Heat around area, increased redness, aching, tenderness, pus and/or fever, swollen lymph glands proximal to the injury, red streaks
What does the lymphatic system do?
Whenever inflammation or infection occur, this system goes to work to filter bacteria and fight infection
When should you follow-up on a initial injury?
Within 24 hrs you should re-examine the injury for signs of infection. Also you should redress/ re-bandage and complete a new entry in the first aid record.
What does the respiratory system includes?
Lungs and air passages
Responsible for the intake of oxygen which is an essential element for the body and the release of carbon dioxide
What does the circulatory system include?
aka the cardiovascular system
Includes the heart, blood vessels and blood.
It is the transportation system of the body. It deliveries oxygen, glucose and other essential elements and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste product
What does the nervous system include?
The brain and nerves
What does the urinary system include?
It is made up of the kidneys, ureters and bladder
Responsible for filtering the blood and excreting most of the body waste
What does the digestive system include?
It is made of the stomach, intestines and other internal organs required to process the food we ingest
What does the genital system include?
Is made of the reproductive organs
What does the musculoskeletal system include?
It is composed of the bones that provide the bodies framework. Includes the muscles, tendons and ligaments.
The thorax is aka?
(Chest) contains the heart, lungs, esophagus and great vessels.
What is xiphoid process?
It is an important landmark for the application of closed chest massage during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
What does the spleen do?
Located in the upper left quadrant behind the stomach
Filters blood for bacteria
A ware house for white blood cells if needed
Recycles old red blood cells, after 6 days they become digested by the spleen
What does the pancreas do?
Has 2 functions
- Endocrine - Produces chemicals (hormones) that regulate blood sugar
- Exocrine - Produces enzymes to digest food (amylase)
Radius and ulna?
Bones of the forarm
Where is the Brachial Pulse?
May be palpated on the anterior-medial aspect of the elbow.
Where is the Radial Pulse?
Is palpable on the anterior surface of the wrist on its lateral aspect.
What is the AVPU system?
Its a system to determine the level of consciousness of the patient on approach.
Alert - aware of surroundings, time, date and name
Verbal - is disorientated but responds when spoken too
Pain - does not respond to questions, but cries in response to painful stimulus
Unresponsive - does not respond to any stimuli
What is the critical role of the OFA attendant?
- Recognize the seriously injured worker quickly
- Perform life saving first aid interventions quickly
- Ensure the patient gets to the hospital with out delay
What 3 questions should you ask to determine mechanism of injury?
- What happened?
- How much force was applied to the victim?
- To what part of the body and in what direction was the force applied?
What is the final step in scene assessment?
Is to determine the number of victims.
Why is jaw thrust used to open the airway?
Extending the neck to open the airway of a trauma patient can cause spinal cord damage
Why must you never leave a patient in the supine position with decreased consciousnesses?
The airway may become obstructed by the tongue, vomitus or blood
How is the respiratory rate counted?
By counting the chest wall movements. Count how many breaths for 15 seconds then multiply by 4. Normal range is 12 - 20 breaths a minute. If there is less then 10 breaths a minute you must assist ventilation with oxygen using a pocket mask
How long should the rapid body survey take?
Must not take longer than 30 seconds.
The attendant should feel the body hollows for pooling of blood. Be aware of sharp debris that could be hidden.
When should you reassess your ABC’s?
5 minute for RTC patients
10 minutes for non-RTC patients
5 min for the attendant with a patient requiring a stretcher transport
Why should you reassess the patient frequently?
Because a patient who initially appears to be stable may deteriorate and you may have to upgrade to the RTC
What are some trauma that are on the list of criteria that place patients in RTC
- free fall from 6.5 m (20 ft)
- severe deceleration in a motor vehicle accident
- struck at 30 km or more
- severe crush injuries
- smoke or toxic gas inhalation
- decompression illness
- near drowning
- electrical injuries
