Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is always the charge of Zn?
+2
what is always the charge of Ag?
+1
When do you need a roman numeral?
when naming metals that can form more than one kind of cation
ex: Iron (Fe) can have a charge of 2+ or 3+ so you need to specify which [Fe (II) or Fe (III)]
Difference between -ous and -ic?
“ous”–“ite”
“ic”–“ate”
“ous” is used on the oxoacid with the fewer amount of Oxygen atoms
“ic” is used on the oxoacid with the greater amount of oxygen atoms
J.J Thomson
discovery of the electron
Aristotle
no smallest “piece” of matter- continuous
Ernest Rutherford
proposed nucleus with protons in center
-radioactivity (3 types)
James Chadwick
discovered neutrons with no charge
Atomic Number (Z)
of protons
Mass Number (A)
Protons + neutrons
Isotopes
atoms with identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers
Atomic mass
the weighted average of the isotopes masses of the elements naturally occurring isotopes
nucleons
neutrons + protons
nuclear chemistry
study of propertied and reactions of atomic nuclei
nuclear reaction
a reaction that changes an atomic nucleus
radioactivity
release of tiny, high energy particles from an atom & particles ejected from nucleus
alpha rays (𝛼)
have a charge of +2 and mass of 4 amu (He)
beta rays (β)
have a charge of -1 and no mass (-1e on product side of equation)
gamma rays (𝛾)
form of light energy (not particle like beta or alpha)
ionizing ability
gamma
penetrating ability
alpha
positron emission
similar to beta, but instead of -1e on product side, it is +1e
electron capture
similar to beta, but instead of -1e on product side, it is on the reactant side
